BACKGROUND Perivascular spaces (PVS) are an important component of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), several inflammatory disorders, hypertension and blood-brain barrier breakdown, but are difficult to quantify. A recent international collaboration of SVD experts has highlighted the need for a robust, easy-to-use PVS rating scale for the effective investigation of the diagnostic and prognost...

We explore ways to enhance the utility of PVS for evaluating, testing, and animating PVS specifications. The PVS ground evaluator is the focus of the work. We describe a mechanism to provide semantic attachments for PVS symbols while preserving soundness, and discuss strategies to provide a generic framework for integrating independently developed applications with PVS. We explore these capabil...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral small-vessel disease is a major cause of cognitive impairment. Perivascular spaces (PvS) occur in small-vessel disease, but their relationship to cognitive impairment remains uncertain. One reason may be difficulty in distinguishing between lacunes and PvS. We determined the relationship between baseline PvS score and PvS volume with change in cognition over a 5-...

1. Department of Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, PVS Institute of Digestive Diseases, PVS Memorial Hospital, Kochi, India 2. Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, PVS Memorial Hospital, Kochi, India 3. Department of Gastroenterology, PVS Institute of Digestive Diseases, PVS Memorial Hospital, Kochi, India Cyriac Abby Philips1*, Lijesh Kumar2, Mathew Philip3, Prasanth Menon3...

OBJECTIVES As the peripheral part of the primo vascular system (PVS) is difficult to visualize, we used a vascular casting material Mercox injected directly into the skin to take advantage of a simple procedure to visualize PVS structures as primo vessels (PVs) and primo nodes (PNs) in the skin. METHODS Two colors of the polymer Mercox were injected into mouse skin. After a partial maceration...

People think that some things that they value should be protected from trade-offs with other things. For example, people think that no economic gain is great enough to justify clear-cutting old-growth forest. The authors probed the stability of these protected values (PVs) in several ways. Subjects were asked to think of counterexamples, and this had some effect on PVs. Subjects were then asked...

Department of Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, PVS Institute of Digestive Diseases, PVS Memorial Hospital, Cochin, Kerala, India Department of Rheumatology, Care Clinics, Sree Sudheendra Medical Mission Hospital, Cochin, Kerala, India Department of Pathology, PVS Memorial Hospital, Cochin, Kerala, India Department of Pathology, Lakeshore Hospital and Research Centre Ltd, Cochin, Kerala, Indi...