Background: Long-term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with prednisolone (PRED) is associated with bone mineral density (BMD) loss. This study aimed to determine the status of BMD in non-compliant women who used PRED alone for RA. Methods: Non-adherent RA taking < 7.5 mg daily PRED without DMARDs for > 6 months, and RA patients taking methotrexate +PRED (RA control) were compared with ag...

BACKGROUND & AIMS Predniso(lo)ne with or without azathioprine is considered the mainstay in the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), but many therapeutic options are available. The primary objective of this review was to explore the published literature on the optimal induction and subsequent maintenance therapy for AIH. METHODS We performed a systematic search on electronic databases MED...

Roles of lung volumes in asthma remain controversial. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of lung volumes in differentiating asthma severity levels. Consecutive outpatients with chronic persistent asthma were enrolled, and body plethysmography (BP) and helium dilution (HD) were performed simultaneously to extract RV%pred, TLC%pred, and RV/TLC. Significant negative correlations were found between ...

interpretation: computing on properties readInt(x) if x>0 : x:= pred(x) x:= succ(x) writeInt(x) Q: Is output pos? A: abstractly interpret domain Int by Sign = {neg, zero, pos, any}: readSign(x) if isPos(x): x:= pred(x) x:= succ(x) writeSign(x) where succ(pos) = pos succ(zero) = pos succ(neg) = any succ(any) = any and pred(neg) = neg pred(zero) = neg pred(pos) = any pred(any) = any To answer the...

Binary classification Multiclass classification Label space, Y and {±1} [n] Prediction space, T Target 0-1 loss `0-1 : {±1} × {±1} 7→ R+ `0-1 : [n]× [n] 7→ R+ `0-1 : Y × T 7→ R+ `0-1(y, t) = 1(t 6= y) `0-1(y, t) = 1(t 6= y) Surrogate loss ψ : {±1} × C 7→ R+ ψ : [n]× C 7→ R+ ψ : Y × C 7→ R+ where C ⊆ R where C ⊆ R ‘pred’ function pred : C 7→ {±1} pred : C 7→ [n] pred : C 7→ T pred(α) = sign(α) p...

interpretation: computing on properties readInt(x) if x>0 : x:= pred(x) x:= succ(x) writeInt(x) Q: Is output pos? A: abstractly interpret domain Int by Sign = {neg , zero, pos , any }: readSign(x) if isPos(x): x:= pred(x) x:= succ(x) writeSign(x) where succ(pos) = pos succ(zero) = pos succ(neg) = any succ(any) = any and pred(neg) = neg pred(zero) = neg pred(pos) = any pred(any) = any Calculate ...

Glucocorticosteroids are prohibited in sports when used by systemic administrations (e.g. oral), whereas they are allowed using other administration ways. Strategies to discriminate between administrations routes have to be developed by doping control laboratories. For this reason, the metabolism of prednisolone (PRED) was studied using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry....

Cyclosporin A (CyA), prednisolone (Pred) and sirolimus (Sir) inhibit lymphocyte proliferation at the cytokine transcription (CyA and Pred) or signal transduction (Sir) levels. Their double and triple interactions were studied on lectin-induced proliferation of whole blood lymphocytes (WBLP) from male and female humans, rabbits and rats. Isobols along with the Universal Response Surface Approach...