Poly-gamma-glutamate (PGA), a natural polymer, is synthesized by several bacteria (all Gram-positive), one archaea and one eukaryote. PGA has diverse biochemical properties, enabling it to play different roles, depending on the organism and its environment. Indeed, PGA allows bacteria to survive at high salt concentrations and may also be involved in virulence. The minimal gene sets required fo...

Many studies have clarified that poly(γ-glutamic acid) (PGA) increases the solubility of Ca 2+ , suggesting that PGA enhances calcium absorption in the small intestine. However, there has been no report on the specific interaction between PGA and Ca 2+ in water. We studied the aqueous solution properties of PGA calcium salt (PGA-Ca complex). The chelating ability and binding strength of PGA for...

Poly-γ-glutamate (PGA), a novel polyamide material with industrial applications, possesses a nylon-like backbone, is structurally similar to polyacrylic acid, is biodegradable and is safe for human consumption. PGA is frequently found in the mucilage of natto, a Japanese traditional fermented food. To date, three different types of PGA, namely a homo polymer of D-glutamate (D-PGA), a homo polym...

The immunogenicity of Bacillus anthracis capsule (poly-γ-D-glutamic acid [PGA]) conjugated to recombinant B. anthracis protective antigen (rPA) or to tetanus toxoid (TT) was evaluated in two anthrax-naive juvenile chimpanzees. In a previous study of these conjugates, highly protective monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against PGA were generated. This study examines the polyclonal antibody response o...

Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA), naturally secreted from various strains of Bacillus, has anti-inflammatory activity. In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), inflammation is promoted and sustained by angiogenesis; however, the role played by γ-PGA in this condition is unclear. Therefore, we evaluated γ-PGA effects on angiogenesis and inflammation in a dextran sulfate sodium-(DSS-) induced mouse colit...

Pepsinogen A (PGA) isozymogen patterns in urine and gastric mucosa can be visualised in non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis by showing proteolytic activity after the conversion of pepsinogen into pepsin by acid. This method is not suitable for visualising PGA patterns in serum due to low PGA concentrations. To obtain a more sensitive visualisation method an immunoblotting technique...

In the present work we have studied the characteristics of propylene glycol alginates (PGA) adsorption at the air-water interface and the viscoelastic properties of the films in relation to its foaming properties. To evaluate the effect of the degree of PGA esterification and viscosity, different commercial samples were studied--Kelcoloid O (KO), Kelcoloid LVF (KLVF) and Manucol ester (MAN). Th...

BACKGROUND Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a valuable polymer with glutamate as its sole precursor. Enhancement of the intracellular glutamate synthesis is a very important strategy for the improvement of γ-PGA production, especially for those glutamate-independent γ-PGA producing strains. Corynebacterium glutamicum has long been used for industrial glutamate production and it exhibits some uni...

The PGA enzyme belongs to the family of N-terminal nucleophile (Ntn) hydrolases. The enzyme Penicillin G Acylase (PGA) mainly produced from Penicillium chrysogenum, E.coli. The synthesis of PGA enzyme is depends on the physico-chemical parameters like carbon source, pH, temperature and media were optimized for higher production of enzyme. There are different methods of purification of PGA enzym...

OBJECTIVES To determine whether rabbit cartilage can be tissue engineered using a polyglycolic acid (PGA) construct composed of PGA mesh, autologous chondrocytes, and alginate covalently linked with the cell adhesion sequence arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD), and to investigate the feasibility of reconstructing tracheal defects using the PGA construct in conjunction with a bioabsorbable int...