Background: Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a by-product of cellular metabolism, which could be considered as a reflection of metabolism, circulation, and ventilation. Arterial blood gas analysis (ABG) is the gold standard of monitoring for CO2. However, is an expensive method leading to blood loss and iatrogenic anemia. In addition, each sample is only a...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that end-tidal CO(2) (ET-CO(2)) may be inaccurate during one-lung ventilation (OLV). This study was performed to compare the accuracy of the noninvasive monitoring of PCO(2) using transcutaneous CO(2) (TC-CO(2)) with ET-CO(2) in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) during OLV. MATERIALS AND METHODS In adult patients undergo...

The relationship between end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO(2)) and arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO(2))-if better defined-could facilitate the difficult task of ventilation in prehospital trauma patients. We aimed to study the PaCO(2)-EtCO(2) relationship before, during, and after chest trauma, hemorrhage, and resuscitation in swine. Twenty-four swine were intubated, anesthetized, and monitored in an...

We present an implementation of the PACO-DCT inpainting algorithm. This method is based on maximizing likelihood image patches in terms their DCT coefficients, while requiring consensus overlapping patches. The resulting problem solved as instance PACO framework.

BACKGROUND Body posture, as a gravitational factor, has a clear impact on pulmonary ventilation and perfusion. In lung units with mismatched ventilation and perfusion, gas exchange and/or elimination of carbon dioxide can be impaired. In this situation, differences in the value of arterial and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension [Δ(PaCO(2) - P(ET)CO(2))] are expected to increase. This study was co...

s The Effect of Graded Hypocapnia and Hypercapnia on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Cerebral Vessel Caliber In the Rhesus Monkey: Study of Cerebral Hemodynamics Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Traumatic Internal Carotid Spasm • Correlative cerebral blood flow (CBF) and vessel diameter studies were performed during graded Paco, change in control monkeys and in monkeys subjected to subara...

STUDY OBJECTIVES Effects of chronic metabolic alkalosis and acidosis and their relation to central chemoregulation may differ between normocapnic and chronic hypercapnic patients with COPD. The relationship between responses of inspired ventilation (VI), mouth occlusion pressure (P(0.1)), and cerebral blood volume (CBV), to short-term changes in arterial PCO(2) was measured. PATIENTS AND METH...

We analyze a model economy with many agents, each with a different productivity level. Agents divide their time between two activities: producing goods with the production-related knowledge they already have, and interacting with others in search of new, productivity-increasing ideas. Each meeting involves two people, each with a different productivity level. Both parties emerge from a meeting ...

PaCO(2) is an important factor in the regulation of cerebral circulation, and it is often used to reduce intracranial pressure through hyperventilation during neurosurgery. Changes in concentration can cause changes in CBF (cerebral blood flow). 20-HETE is a product of CYP4A-mediated AA (arachidonic acid) metabolism and is a powerful endogenous vasoconstrictor; however, its effect on cerebral v...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Dipyridamole increases the concentration of circulating adenosine, which is a potent vasodilator, by inhibition of uptake of adenosine into the erythrocytes, and hence produces coronary vasodilation. However, the effects of dipyridamole on cerebral circulation is not pronounced. This study investigates the effects of intravenous dipyridamole on cerebral blood flow (CBF) i...