Abstract. Overlay applications are popular as they provide high-level functionality by masking the intrinsic complexity of the underlay network. However, overlays rely on the underlay to provide them with basic connectivity. Therefore, the intrinsic features of the underlay network determine the efficiency of the overlay. Accordingly, studying the interdependency of the overlay and underlay net...

In the design and implementation of the overlay architecture most peer-to-peer (P2P) systems rely on the underlay network to provide them with basic connectivity. Therefore, the intrinsic features of the underlay network determine the efficiency of the overlay. Accordingly, studying the interdependency of the overlay and underlay networks leads to a better understanding of P2P behaviour. We pre...

Abstract. Overlay applications are popular as they provide high-level functionality by masking the intrinsic complexity of the underlay network. However, overlays rely on the underlay to provide them with basic connectivity. Therefore, the intrinsic features of the underlay network determine the efficiency of the overlay. Accordingly, studying the interdependency of the overlay and underlay net...

To enhance the performance of overlay multicast networks, the overlay multicast tree should be optimized. This optimization problem is a minimum diameter, degree-limited spanning tree (MDDLST) problem which is known to be NP-Hard. We present a new scheme to optimize an overlay multicast tree dynamically. Our algorithm can adapt the tree structure to the dynamic membership and network situation....

Pavement systems have significant impacts on the environment and economy due to large material consumption, energy input, and capital investment. To evaluate the sustainability of rigid pavement overlay designs, an integrated life cycle assessment and life cycle cost analysis model was developed to calculate the environmental impacts and costs of overlay systems resulting from material producti...

Overlay routing is an application-level routing mechanism on overlay networks. Previous researches have revealed that the overlay routing can improve user-perceived performance. However, it may also generate traffic unintended by ISPs, incurring additional monetary cost. In addition, since ISPs and end users have their own objectives respectively regarding traffic routing, overlay routing must ...

In this paper we optimize the back-to-front overlay of Through Silicon Via (TSV) patterning for a 5μm via last process. After TSV patterning, overlay verification poses a challenge because the reference layer is buried underneath the thinned silicon wafer. For both back-to-front alignment and verification a wafer stepper equipped with a Dual Side Alignment (DSA) system is used. The stepper has ...

1 The frequent outbreak of severe foodborne diseases warns of a potential threat that the 2 global trade networks could spread fatal pathogens. The global trade network is a 3 typical overlay network, which compounds multiple standalone trade networks 4 representing the transmission of a single product and connecting the same set of 5 countries and territories through their own set of trade int...