Little is known about fusion times of the primary and secondary centers of ossification in the sacrum, particularly from dry bone observations. In this study, the timing of union of these centers was studied in a sample of modern Portuguese skeletons (90 females and 101 males) between the ages of 0 and 30 years, taken from the Lisbon documented skeletal collection. A three-stage scheme was used...

BACKGROUND This study describes reference data for L3 vertebra and its 3 ossification centers at varying gestational ages. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using CT, digital-image analysis and statistics, the growth of L3 vertebra and its 3 ossification centers in 55 spontaneously aborted human fetuses aged 17-30 weeks was examined. RESULTS Neither sex nor right-left significant differences were found....

Long bones develop from cartilage by a process of endochondral (within cartilage) ossification (Fig 1). In the fetus, the bone anlages (early bone templates) are composed entirely of cartilage. Centers of ossification (bone formation) develop in the center of the future long bone (diaphysis) and also at the ends of these long bones (epiphysis). As ossification proceeds, a bony epiphysis develop...

Although absolute variability in postnatal ossification timing is generaIly larger in boys than in girls, reIative, conception-corrected variability is signscantly larger in girls, suggestive of a “dosage” effect and consistent with the hypothesis of partial X-linkage. These findings, together with the excess of sister-sister over brother-brother timing similarities are inconsistent with the hy...

The presacral vertebrae have various secondary centers of ossification, whose timing of fusion can be used for age estimation of human skeletal remains up to the middle to the latter third decade. However, detailed information about the age at which these secondary centers of ossification fuse has been lacking. In this study, the timing of epiphyseal union in presacral vertebrae was studied in ...

The site where bone begins to form in the shaft of a long bone or the body of an irregular bone is called a primary ossification center. The site where bone formation continues after beginning in the long shaft or body of the bone, usually in an epiphysis is a secondary ossification center. A secondary ossification center is the center of bone formation appearing later than the punctum ossifica...

Among the dichotomous (present/absent:absent/present) ossification sequences individually ascertained in 3059 boys and girls with at least one but not more than 27 ossification centers of the hand and wrist, 54 such sequences exhibit statistically-significant sex differences in frequency, 32 of them at the 1% confidence level or better. Analyzed by regions (rows and rays, epiphyses and round bo...

The processes of ossification sequences are poorly investigated for birds in general, even for domestic and experimental species and when it comes to the waterfowl it is almost negligible. Such sequences constitute a rich source of data on character evolution, and may even provide phylogenetic information. A pre-hatch developmental study on ossification sequences of axial and appendicular skele...

BACKGROUND Delayed fetal skeletal ossification is one of the known complications of maternal diabetes. OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to evaluate the protective role of petroleum ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis (PECQ) on diabetes-induced delayed fetal skeletal ossification. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female Wistar rats were rendered diabetic with streptozotocin (STZ, 40 mg/kg, i...

Bones of the cranial vault are formed by the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into osteoblasts on a surface that surrounds the brain, eventually forming mineralized bone. Signaling pathways causative for cell differentiation include the actions of extracellular proteins driven by information from genes. We assume that the interaction of cells and extracellular molecules, which are associate...