objective: implants are being used in orthodontics as a reliable mode of anchorage. among other factors, the cortical bone thickness plays a major role in determining the stability of these implants. the objective of this study was to study the relationship of various arch forms and the cortical bone thickness and to determine if the cortical bone thickness varies between various arch forms. th...

The purpose of this literature review was to screen the valuable published articles regarding to the impacts of mini-implants on orthodontic science, briefly. The searching category was performed on the Pubmed using MeSH words such as "dental (mini) implants, orthodontic anchorage procedures, and orthodontic appliances." After preliminary sketch, they were grouped as follow: Those evaluating (a...

Introduction: Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) have been developed to be used as direct adjuncts in orthodontic treatment and have facilitated treatment of more complex orthodontic cases, including patients with dental impaction. Objectives: This clinical case reports the applicability of TADs in the orthodontic treatment of a patient with impacted mandibular second molars. Surgical and or...

Introduction: In orthodontic treatment, adequate anchorage is necessary to move the intended teeth. In some cases, just anterior teeth are malaligned, while posterior occlusion is acceptable. Therefore, the posterior teeth could be integrated by fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) to provide a rigid anchorage. This method proved advantageous since brackets are bonded just to anter...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effect of bone-borne expansion (BBE) and tooth-borne expansion (TBE) in patients with maxillary constriction. Methods: Electronic databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, were searched up to February 2019. Elig...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify the procedures adopted by Brazilian orthodontists in the following situations: extraction space closure, anchorage control in case of necessary anchorage for group A and frequency of skeletal anchorage use, especially in the upper jaw. METHODS A questionnaire was sent to the e-mail address of all dentists registered in the Brazilian Federal Coun...

Orthodontic treatment observes resistance in areas of desired tooth movement and anchorage sites. Hence, proper orthodontic anchorage preparation is important to ensure predictable tooth movement and negating insufficient reciprocal movement [1]. Understanding each patient’s anchorage requirements is of paramount importance which ensures high-quality care. Unexpected or unintended anchorage los...

Anchorage has been defined as a resistance to unwanted tooth movement. It is imperative for the treatment of both dental and skeletal malocclusions. Skeletal anchorage provides better chances obtain absolute in orthodontic The topic vast compiling it one single article will be an injustice readers. So, we have divided this into two review articles under headings introduction, evolution historic...

Skeletal anchorage (SA) has expanded treatment options not only for orthodontics but also for other dental disciplines. In the same way that dental movement can be produced in three planes of space, SA can be used in three dimensions to enhance the precision of orthodontic treatment and to allow for movements that are very difficult, if not impossible, with orthodontic treatment alone. The pote...

The stability of the anchorage unit plays a very important role in orthodontic control. Controlled orthodontic movements such as retraction and/or protraction of teeth and intrusion of overerupted teeth are very difficult to achieve without patient cooperation and without causing undesirable reciprocal movement in the anchorage unit. The article describes characteristics, surgical procedure, an...