objective: organophosphorus hydrolase (oph) is a homodimeric enzyme that can hydrolyze phosphoester bonds and reduce the toxicity of organophosphorus compounds. this makes oph a suitable element for the biodegradation of these compounds. methods: we successfully cloned the oph gene from pseudomonas diminuta, after optimization for pichia pastoris, into a yeast expression vector (ppiczαb). afte...

Organophosphorus poisoning is common in rural Asia. Clinical features result from overactivity of acetylcholine receptors. Blackish discoloration of urine is not a feature of organophosphorus poisoning. Only one case of black colored urine following quinalphos poisoning has been reported in literature. We report two cases of organophosphorus poisoning from two different compounds, following whi...

Direct, selective, rapid and simple determination of organophosphate pesticides has been achieved by integrating organophosphorus hydrolase with electrochemical and opitical transducers. Organophosphorus hydrolase catalyzes the hydrolysis of a wide range of organophosphate compounds, releasing an acid and an alcohol that can be detected directly. This article reviews development, characterizati...

Terrorist use of organophosphorus-based nerve agents and toxic industrial chemicals against civilian populations constitutes a real threat, as demonstrated by the terrorist attacks in Japan in the 1990 s or, even more recently, in the Syrian civil war. Thus, development of more effective countermeasures against acute organophosphorus poisoning is urgently needed. Here, we have generated and val...

Organophosphorus compounds are potent neurotoxic chemicals that are widely used in medicine, industry, and agriculture. The neurotoxicity of these chemicals has been documented in accidental human poisoning, epidemiological studies, and animal models. Organophosphorus compounds have 3 distinct neurotoxic actions. The primary action is the irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, resulti...

Organophosphorus compounds have been used as pesticides and as chemical warfare nerve agents. The mechanism of toxicity of organophosphorus compounds is the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, which results in accumulation of acetylcholine and the continued stimulation of acetylcholine receptors. Therefore, they are also called anticholinesterase agents. Organophosphorus pesticides have largely...

The aim of this review is to provide an update on the current use of cyclodextrins against organophosphorus compound intoxications. Organophosphorus pesticides and nerve agents play a determinant role in the inhibition of cholinesterases. The cyclic structure of cyclodextrins and their toroidal shape are perfectly suitable to design new chemical scavengers able to trap and hydrolyze the organop...

Biosensors are sensitive and can be used as disposable sensors for environmental control. These biosensors are based either on inhibition of acyl cholinesterases acetylcholinesterase or butyrylcholinesterase) by organophosphorus compounds or on inhibition of enzymes phosphatases (acid or alkaline) or on direct detection of organophosphorus compounds by organophosphorus hydrolase. The state-of-t...

The molecular descriptors family on structure activity relationships methodology was applied on ten cyclic organophosphorus compounds in order to predict theirs molar refraction. A number of 107692 significantly different MDF members enter into a multiple linear regression analysis. A pair of descriptors (lGDmSMt, lAmrfEt), which have the best performing ability in prediction of molar refractio...

Rapid and sensitive detection methods are in urgent demand for the screening of extensively used organophosphorus pesticides and highly toxic nerve agents for their neurotoxicity. In this study, we developed a novel Fe(3)O(4) magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) peroxidase mimetic-based colorimetric method for the rapid detection of organophosphorus pesticides and nerve agents. The detection assay is co...