As a T cell-dependent phenomenon, oral tolerance is not expected to depend necessarily on native configuration of antigens. We investigated the induction of oral tolerance with modified ovalbumin (Ova). Oral administration of heat-denatured (HD-Ova) and cyanogen bromide-degraded ovalbumin was less effective than native Ova in inducing oral tolerance in B6D2F1 mice. HD-Ova was effective in suppr...

lactobacilli, like the other gut commensal bacteria, are well known for their use in poultry nutrition and for their probiotic properties. however, little is known about their interaction with the gastro-intestinal tract when administered in vivo. to specifically monitor the passage of lactobacilli after administered in hatchery, lactobacillus plantarum was transformed with the recombinant vect...

A one-time oral gavage can be enough to cause of alveologenic edema with higher expression of AQP-1 and -4 than that with repeated-dose oral gavage, which caused both profound perivascular edema and hydrostatic pressure edema, while AQP-5 was similarly expressed. The alteration of AQPs expression was probably related to alveolar fluid clearance across the alveolar and bronchiolar epithelium in ...

For decades, hazard assessments for environmental chemicals have used intra-gastric gavage to assess the effects of 'oral' exposures. It is now widely used--and in some cases required--by US federal agencies to assess potential toxicity of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In this review we enumerate several reasons why gavage is not appropriate for the assessment of EDCs using bisphenol A...

total of 270 quail fertile eggs were set in hatchery. experimental groups including: negative control (neither received probiotic treatment nor challenged by salmonella), positive control (challenged by salmonella but not probiotic treatment) and 7 in hatchery administration methods: in ovo injection, spray, oral gavage, cloacal drinking (cloacal inoculation), cloacal drinking – in ovo injectio...

In the present study, a series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the ability of a combination of 3 ATCC lactobacilli (LAB3) or a commercially available probiotic culture (PROB) to reduce Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (Salmonella Enteritidis) in broiler chicks. Additionally, we varied the timing of PROB administration in relationship to Salmonella challenge and determined the i...

The effect of oral hyaluronan (HA) on bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) 3-month-old rats was measured using serum markers of bone turnover and bone mineral density. OVX rats were administered 1 mg/kg HA (OVX + HA) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (OVX + PBS) by oral gavage (5 days/week for 54 days). Additional controls included sham ovariectomy with PBS gavage (Sham + PBS) and no treatment. O...

Effects of FR194738 ((E)-N-ethyl-N-(6,6-dimethyl-2-hepten-4-ynyl)-3-[2-methyl-2-(3-thienylmethoxy)propyloxy]benzylamine hydrochloride), a squalene epoxidase inhibitor, on lipid metabolism were compared with those of pravastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, in hamsters. Drugs were given for 10 d either as a diet mixture or as a bolus oral gavage, and si...

Objective: To evaluate the effect of sweet taste stimulation in augmenting the reported growth-enhancing effects of nonnutritive sucking in preterm infants who are gavage-fed. Design: Random assignment of preterm infants to receive stimulation by one of three methods during each feeding until totally orally fed. Setting: Hospital intensive-care and infant transitional units. Patients: Eligibili...

objective(s):gingivitis is an inflammatory disease that affects tooth-supporting tissues and is caused by a microbe-immune response. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on immune system regulation and the prevention and treatment of gingivitis using an animal model. materials and methods: gingival inflammation was induced by lipopolysaccharide (lps) injectio...