which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Viral infections such as HIV and HCV have a serious negative effect on the health of injecting drug users (IDUs) in Iran (1-4). Two recent studies in Tehran, Iran have shown that HCV prevalence was between 52%-80% among IDUs (5, 6). Furthermore, many IDUs might be infected...

of tincture of opium, with 15 minims of chloroform in water, and putting him on a wooden bedstead, lifted the latter so that his body formed an angle of nearly 45\ with an imaginary line drawn from his head parallel to the ground, both his legs being uppermost, and tied down with a bedslieet to the bedstead, to prevent his slipping down, out of the bed, in the direction of his head, which was l...

Parallel to the "poppy-seed defense" strategy commonly reported in the United States, donors of urine samples tested positive for opiates in Taiwan often claimed the consumption of Brown Mixture (BM) as the source of the observed morphine and codeine. Because BM contains opium powder (10.0-10.5% morphine), opium tincture (0.9-1.1% morphine), or camphorated opium tincture (0.045-0.055% morphine)...

the current preliminary study aimed to explore the reasons that a group of opiate-dependent patients reported for entry into opium tincture treatment (ott).through examinations of 52 qualitative focus group interviews with patients from six ott centers and 10 health providers (in key informant interviews) in tehran, this study highlights the factors that participants reported as the reasons ass...

Brown Mixture (BM), containing opium powder (10.0-10.5% morphine), opium tincture (0.9-1.1% morphine), or camphorated opium tincture (0.045-0.055% morphine), is a popular remedy, while heroin use is prohibited in Taiwan. Thus, for specimens that are tested positive for morphine, specimen donors' claims of BM use have to be adequately addressed. This study was designed to develop and validate a ...

scarlatina, and their pulses about 150. The girl had taken more than the boy, and her symptoms were the most severe. The stomach-pump was applied with good effect, and opium in tincture given both by mouth and enema, a few drops every hour. In about 12 hours both became gradually drowsy and fell asleep, waking nearly well. Dr. Kavanagh states:?" I have no doubt that these children took four tim...

rigorous imprisonment under section 379, Indian Penal Code, (theft), on the same day, and sent into Jail, "in a dying condition," as noted by my predecessor; collapsed, temperature below normal, pulse weak and thready, respiration hurried, unable to answer questions, spleen enlarged, lungs healthy. He was given a mixture containing quinine, tincture of ergot, and laudanum ; also rum and spiritu...