Abstract Background: Tramadol is a centrally acting opioid analgesic used to treat moderate to sever pain. It has more advantage and less opioid adverse effects than conventional opioid analgesia. Case Report: This article reports a patient with tramadol dependency that had psychosis after tramadol withdrawal. Conclusion: By the increase of tramadol usage for relief of chronic pain, t...

objective: in this study, the current literatures on the use of herbs and herbal preparations of traditional chinese and indian medicine for the treatment of opioid addiction were reviewed. methods: search was done in databases such as pub med, science direct, scopus, springer link, and google scholar. results: among 18 retrieved studies, 3 studies were about asafetida extract, an approved prep...

This topic review will discuss the clinical features and management of opioid withdrawal in the emergency setting. A summary table to facilitate emergent management is provided (table 1). Discussions of opioid withdrawal during detoxification treatment, opioid intoxication, opioid withdrawal in neonates, and general management of the poisoned patient are found elsewhere. (See "Medically supervi...

ultra rapid opioid detoxification (urod) is one of the new methods of detoxification. this method of detoxification involves putting patients under general anesthesia and actively giving them opioid antagonists. the objective of this study was to evaluate effects of anesthesia duration in urod on severity of withdrawal syndrome. sixty addicted patients seeking urod procedure assigned randomly t...

objective(s): evaluation of the sophora alopecuroides var. alopecuroides seed effects on morphine withdrawal syndrome in mice and determination of the alkaloid composition of the seed total extract. materials and methods:the effects of the seed total extract, alkaloid fraction and major compound matrine on the mice morphine withdrawal syndrome were compared to saline and methadone.mice were mad...

OBJECTIVE After prolonged opioid exposure, children develop opioid-induced hyperalgesia, tolerance, and withdrawal. Strategies for prevention and management should be based on the mechanisms of opioid tolerance and withdrawal. PATIENTS AND METHODS Relevant manuscripts published in the English language were searched in Medline by using search terms "opioid," "opiate," "sedation," "analgesia," ...

methadone is widely being used for opioid substitution therapy. however, the administration of methadone to opioid dependent individual is frequently accompanied by withdrawal syndrome and chemical dependency develops. other than that, it is also difficult to retain patients in the treatment programme making their retention rates are decreasing over time. this article is written to higlights th...

Opioid antagonists can be classified as inverse agonists and neutral antagonists. In the opioid-dependent state, neutral antagonists are significantly less potent in precipitating withdrawal than inverse agonists. Consequently, neutral opioid antagonists may offer advantages over inverse agonists in the management of opioid overdose. In this study, the relative potency of three opioid antagonis...

BACKGROUND Opioids are good painkillers, but many patients treated with opioids as painkillers developed a secondary addiction. These patients need to stop misusing opioids, but the mild-to-severe clinical symptoms associated with opioid withdrawal risk increasing their existing pain. In such cases, ketamine, which is used by anaesthetists and pain physicians to reduce opioid medication, may be...

Chronic opioid-induced drug dependence and withdrawal syndrome after opioid cessation remain a severe obstacle in clinical treatment of chronic pain and opioid drug addiction. One of the key symptoms during opioid withdrawal is a state of sensitized pain. The most significant molecular adaptation induced by chronic opioids in the brain is upregulation of the cAMP-signaling pathway. Although the...