Bargaining Power is one of the important issues in oil trade negotiations. In this paper two effective factors in bargaining power i.e. patient time to deal and outside options of each player have been considered. The necessary relations for exchange of sources in negotiation have been derived.

bargaining power is one of the important issues in oil trade negotiations. in this paper two effective factors in bargaining power i.e. patient time to deal and outside options of each player have been considered. the necessary relations for exchange of sources in negotiation have been derived.

s: This paper examines the optimal trade negotiation strategies in the trade negotiation involving multi-parties such as Doha Development Agenda, which is characterized by asymmetric multiple negotiators with multi-trade issues. Due to the consensus rule, which is the formal decision making rule of WTO, bilateral bargaining formula is often taken simultaneously with the multilateral bargaining ...

This article examines the effect of overlapping institutions in trade policy, where the World Trade Organization, preferential trade agreements, and other economic negotiation venues give states many options for negotiating rules and settling disputes. This article argues that overlapping institutions influence trade politics at three stages: selection of venue, negotiation of liberalization co...

Trade requires search, negotiation, and exchange, which are activities that absorb resources. This paper investigates how different trade networks attend to these activities. An artificial market is constructed in which autonomous agents endowed with a stock of goods seek out partners, negotiate a price, and then trade with the agent offering the best deal. Different trade networks are imposed ...

This article investigates the relationship between the exchange rate and non-oil trade balance in Iran between 1981 and 2014. A structural vector auto-regression model is built. The results indicated that the increasing effect of the real effective exchange rate worsens the non-oil trade balance in the short term. In contrast, the increasing effect of the real effective exchange rate improves t...

We study in this paper the welfare effects of different types of trade agreements and the equilibrium outcome of trade negotiation, when the objective of each government is politically motivated. We explore a three-country and three-good trade model with endogenous tariffs and export subsidies in a political economy framework. In this context, we suggest that the welfare effects of both bilater...

This paper addresses the issues involved in software agents making trade-offs during automated negotiations in which they have information uncertainty and resource limitations. In particular, the importance of being able to make tradeoffs in real-world applications is highlighted and a novel algorithm for performing trade-offs for multi-dimensional goods is developed. The algorithm uses the not...