Abstract Noses are extremely sophisticated chemical detectors allowing animals to use scents interpret and navigate their environments. Odor detection starts with the activation of odorant receptors (ORs), expressed in mature olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) populating mucosa. Different odorants, or different concentrations same odorant, activate unique ensembles ORs. This mechanism combinatori...

Abstract Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) in insects bind to volatile chemical cues that are important regulating insect behavior. It is hypothesized OBPs with specificity certain volatiles and may help transport delivery odorant receptors (ORs), buffering the olfactory response aid various behaviors. Honeybees eusocial perceive strongly rely on them perform complex Here, we have identified anno...

26 2 Humans have approximately 400 intact odorant receptors, but each individual 27 has a unique set of genetic variations that lead to variation in olfactory perception. 28 We used a heterologous assay to determine how often genetic polymorphisms in 29 odorant receptors alter receptor function. We identified agonists for 18 odorant 30 receptors and found that 63% of the odorant receptors we ex...

While odorant-evoked oscillations in the vertebrate olfactory bulb have been studied extensively, information about their possible cognitive role has been missing. Using voltage-sensitive dye imaging, we show that repeated odorant presentations with interstimulus intervals of 2-12 s had dramatic and diverse effects on the three oscillations that occur in the turtle olfactory bulb. Two of the os...

Olfactory system second-order neurons, mitral-tufted cells, have odorant receptive fields (ORFs) (molecular receptive ranges in odorant space for carbon chain length in organic odorant molecules). This study quantified several dimensions of these excitatory odorant receptive fields to novel odorants in rats and then examined the effects of passive odorant exposure on the shape of the ORF-tuning...

We propose a new model for neuromorphic olfactory analyzer based on memristive synapses. The comprises layer of receptive neurons that perceive various odors and “decoder” recognize these odors. It is demonstrated connecting layers with synapses enables the training to two types odorants varying concentrations. In absence such synapses, does not exhibit specificity in recognizing odorants. reco...

Olfactory sensory neurons express just one out of a possible ∼ 1,000 odorant receptor genes, reflecting an exquisite mode of gene regulation. In one model, once an odorant receptor is chosen for expression, other receptor genes are suppressed by a negative feedback mechanism, ensuring a stable functional identity of the sensory neuron for the lifetime of the cell. The signal transduction mechan...

In lepidopteran insects, odorant receptors are involved in the perception of sex pheromones and general odorants. In the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, although several pheromone receptors have been identified, no general odorant receptor has been reported. In this study, an RNA sequencing analysis was carried out to identify the whole repertoire of the odorant receptors expressed in th...

A simple model of an odorant flux detector including odorant uptake, activation of odorant receptor molecules and enzymatic odorant deactivation can produce different types of static dose-response relationships. Depending on the binding characteristics of the odorant to the receptor molecule and to the deactivating enzyme, the receptor occupation by the odorant as related to the odorant uptake ...

Juxtaglomerular neurons represent one of the largest cellular populations in the mammalian olfactory bulb yet their role for signal processing remains unclear. We used two-photon imaging and electrophysiological recordings to clarify the in vivo properties of these cells and their functional organization in the juxtaglomerular space. Juxtaglomerular neurons coded for many perceptual characteris...