A procedure is presented for screening the quality of feed in respect to ochratoxin A contamination based upon the analysis of ochratoxin A in pig blood. Representative samples from large feed lots may be obtained by using pigs as in vivo sample collectors which enrich the toxin and forms homogeneous samples in the blood. The spectrofluorometric procedure for ochratoxin A analysis (K. Hult and ...

Moistened barley was inoculated with 1.4 x 10(3) and 1.4 x 10(5) spores, respectively, from ochratoxin A-producing strains of Aspergillus ochraceus and Penicillium varidicatum. To estimate fungal tissue in the barley, the amount of glucosamine was followed for 28 days at 10 and 25 degrees C. Ochratoxin A was also followed during the same period and under the same conditions. The data show that ...

The ability of a cyclodextrin-polyurethane polymer to remove ochratoxin A from aqueous solutions was examined by batch rebinding assays. The results from the aqueous binding studies were fit to two parameter models to gain insight into the interaction of ochratoxin A with the nanosponge material. The ochratoxin A sorption data fit well to the heterogeneous Freundlich isotherm model. The polymer...

The first report of the biological production of bromo ochratoxin B by Aspergillus ochraceus Wilh. is presented as well as a study of the influence of potassium bromide, potassium iodide, potassium fluoride, and potassium chloride on the production of ochratoxin A and ochratoxin B. Potassium fluoride and potassium iodide inhibited the growth of the fungus, whereas potassium chloride substantial...

Ochratoxin A is a nephrotoxic and tumorigenic mycotoxin which contaminates a variety of food items, resulting in chronic human exposure. Biotransformation reactions have been implicated in the tumorigenicity of ochratoxin A. The biotransformation of ochratoxin A by cytochromes P450 and other mammalian enzymes was investigated to optimize conditions for bacterial mutagenicity testing. Metabolite...

Background and Purpose: Breastfeeding plays an important role in the growth and development of infants. However, breast milk may be contaminated with various mycotoxins. Ochratoxin A is one of the most important mycotoxins with nephrotoxic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, genotoxic, and immunotoxic properties. Thus, we carried out this study to determine the concentration of ochratoxin A in human br...

The transport of the nephrotoxic mycotoxin ochratoxin A across the renal peritubular membrane was examined in suspensions of rabbit renal proximal tubules. Ochratoxin A transport across the peritubular membrane was a high-affinity, low-capacity carrier-mediated process with a Jmax value of 0.12 +/- 0.4 nmol/mg of protein/min and a Km value of 1.4 +/- 0.1 microM. The apparent Michaelis constants...

Mycotoxins are microbial agents which cause food or feed-borne intoxications. Mycotoxins are undesireable compounds often found in cereal grains and forages. Production of mycotoxins is dependent on environmental conditions and agricultural practices. Moisture level ranges between 13% to 18% and temperatures between 20 C and 30 C can increase fungal growth rate during growing seasons as well as...

abstract       background and objective: ochratoxin is a fungal toxin produced by penicillium verrucosum and some aspergillus species. ochratoxin is usually found in grains, cereal products and also animal feed of livestock. the aim of this study was to measure the level of ochratoxin in pasteurized milk samples of golestan province, iran.       methods: overall, 38 milk samples were collected ...

Association of ochratoxin A with cultured rat hepatocytes occurs at 4 degrees C, and the saturation level in the medium is 0.3 mM ochratoxin A, with maximal binding after 60 min. At 37 degrees C the level of cell-associated ochratoxin A increased up to 6 h and remained at 2 nmol of toxin per mg of cell protein for 30 h. With increasing concentrations of ochratoxin A, increasing amounts of the t...