We review recent progress in understanding the physical and physiological mechanisms that generate otoacoustic emissions (OAEs). Until recently, the conceptual model underlying the interpretation of OAEs has been an integrated view that regards all OAEs as manifestations of cochlear nonlinearity. However, OAEs appear to arise by at least two fundamentally different mechanisms within the cochlea...

BACKGROUND Early intervention to reduce the effects of congenital hearing loss requires accurate description of hearing loss. In pediatric audiology, a cross-check principle is used to compare behavioral and physiological tests. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the correspondence of visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) minimal response levels (MRLs), otoacoustic emissions...

OBJECTIVE In this study, an attempt was made to determine the effect of smoking on ultra-high-frequency auditory sensitivity. The study also attempted to determine the relationship between the nature of smoking and ultra-high-frequency otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) and thresholds. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study sample included 25 smokers and 25 non-smokers. A detailed history regarding their ...

Otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) are sounds of cochlear origin, which can be recorded by a microphone fitted into the ear canal. They are caused by the motion of the cochlea's sensory hair cells as they energetically respond to auditory stimulation. OAEs provide a simple, efficient and non-invasive objective indicator of healthy cochlear function and OAE screening is widely used in universal new-bo...

Models of otoacoustic emission (OAE) generation mechanisms often attribute important features of OAEs to waves traveling along the cochlear partition. Since the lizard basilar papilla manifests no obvious analog of the mammalian traveling wave, detailed characterization of lizard OAEs offers an important opportunity to test and extend our knowledge of emission mechanisms. We report otoacoustic ...

Otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) differ between the sexes in humans, rhesus and marmoset monkeys, and sheep. OAEs also are different in a number of special populations of humans. Those basic findings are reviewed and discussed in the context of possible prenatal-androgen effects on the auditory system. A parsimonious explanation for several outcomes is that prenatal exposure to high levels of andro...

The oceanic anoxic events (OAEs) are characterized by enhanced accumulation of organic matter in marine sediments. However, there is still an ongoing debate regarding the interplay between production and preservation during these events. Moreover, few studies provide quantitative estimations primary productivity and/or amount carbon preserved OAEs. Here, we used geochemical data from multiple w...

Both otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) and the relative length of the index and ring fingers (the 2D:4D ratio) exhibit large sex differences, and both exhibit masculinization effects in female homosexuals and bisexuals. Because these sex differences exist in young children, the implication is that both types of measure are affected by prenatal androgen exposure, but it has been unknown to what degre...

Delay times in the mammalian cochlea, whether from measurement of basilar membrane (BM) vibration or otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) have, to date, been largely based on phase-gradient estimates from steady-state responses. Here we report cochlear delays measured directly in the time domain from OAEs evoked by amplitude-modulated tone-burst (AMTB) stimuli. Measurement using OAEs provides a non-inv...

Both otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) and auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) are sexually dimorphic, and both are believed to be influenced by prenatal androgen exposure. OAEs and AEPs were collected from people affected by 1 of 3 categories of disorders of sex development (DSD) - (1) women with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS); (2) women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH); and...