Tobacco smoking is common in schizophrenia patients. It has been reported that schizophrenia patients who are tobacco smokers have better cognitive performances compared to those who are nonsmokers. However, little is known on the effects of tobacco smoking in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) patients. The aim of this study was to compare cognitive performances, psychotic symptoms, and s...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between smoking and the prevalence of apical periodontitis and root canal treatment in hypertensive patients. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, the records of 100 hypertensive patients, 50 smokers and 50 nonsmokers, were examined. Periapical status of all teeth was assessed by using the periapical index score. RESULTS ...

background and objective: smoking can be associated with the decreasing gingival blood flow and epithelial changes. the aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological changes of gingival epithelium and connective tissue in smokers. methods: the study was case-control. sixty male patients (28 smokers and 32 nonsmokers) suffering chronic periodontitis were participated in the study. peri...

background : the demonstration that adipose tissue produces numerous   cytokines increases interest of investigators in their role in the pathogenesis of obesity. resistin is one of those cytokines. there are conflicing reports as cigarette smoking impairs insulin secretion, augments insulin resistance, or has no effect on glucose metabolism. in our study, we intended to examine the relationshi...

OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between smoking and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in male smokers compared to male nonsmoker, both with no history of chronic disease at 3 health centers in Seville, Spain. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of smokers and nonsmoker who were matched on the basis of potentially confounding variables (age, marital status, ...

PURPOSE To develop an understanding of the experiences of nonsmoking girls and determine how these girls avoid smoking. METHODS A grounded theory approach was used to direct the discovery of process(es) that nonsmoking females undertake to remain nonsmokers. Seventeen nonsmoking females between the ages of 13 and 17 years were interviewed using open-ended questions designed by the authors. Th...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS This investigation quantitatively characterizes the collagenous microstructure of human vocal ligament specimens excised postmortem from nonsmokers and smokers. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS Second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging was performed at three anatomical locations of vocal ligament specimens: anterior, mid-membranous, and posterior regions...