Background & aim: Considering the epidemic of hookah smoking in young people, the main purpose of this study was to assess the adverse effects of hookah consumption in pregnant women and their fetus. Methods: This prospective cohort study was carried out in a a 13-month period in Isfahan, Iran, 2014. Data were collected using a questionnaire, interviewing, and examination. The study population ...

Background: Smoking is one of the major modifiable non-communicable disease risk factors. Our aim was to report the pattern of active and passive smoking using the data collected through a population base household survey in Kerman, Iran. Methods: Given a cluster random sampling design, we recruited 5900 adult populations (15-75 years old) into a survey. After consenting, every participant was ...

background: smoking has physical, psychological, and social impacts on women’s health and subsequently the community’s health. therefore, it is important to have an estimation of smoking among iranian women. since comprehensive data are not available in this respect, the authors performed a systematic review and metaanalyzed all high-quality studies in this field.   methods: all available elect...

background : smoking is a worldwide problem that kills millions of people. women smoke much lower than males but the numbers of smoker women are growing up. the objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of smoking and khat chewing in medical and non-medical female students at university of science and technology (ust), sana'a, yemen. methods : we used self-administrated questionnai...

this study was carried out on 2200 men and women aged 20-70 years in isfahan who participatd in isfahan cardiovacular risk facor survery, in order to find prevalence of cigarette smoking in this population and estimate the relation of smoking with other cad risk factors. all information was obtained by standard questionnaires mainly concerning smoking habits of subjects and their personal chara...

Background: Smoking is one of the preventable causes of disease in middle and low-income countries. This study was conducted in smokers and non-smokers to observe the changes in total count of leukocytes in cigarette smokers in relation to body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP). Methods:The study populations were from different sources including diagnostic center and general hospital, an...

Several epidemiological studies have reported that passive smoking (PS) is a public health hazard and perhaps increases the risk of heart disease. This study evaluated the relationship between female coronary heart disease and PS among married women who described themselves as non-smokers in an area of south-east Iran. Using household exposure to tobacco smoke as an estimate of PS, a hospi...

BACKGROUND Smoking is the most important modifiable cardiovascular risk factor in young women. The aim of this study was to investigate whether tobacco use influences physiological changes in endothelial function during the menstrual cycle. METHODS AND RESULTS Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and nitro-mediated dilation (NMD) were assessed in healthy smoking and non-smoking women, by high-resolut...

Smoking amongst women has become significant as the number of smoking women is increasing gradually in this developing society. It affects the lungs to produce Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Present study was conducted over 100 smoker's women and 100 non-smoker women in the age group of 30-40 Years. Three Lung Function Tests--FEVI, FVC and PEFR were employed to all smoking and no...