We develop an economic model of “greenwash,” in which a firm strategically discloses environmental information and a non-governmental organization (NGO) may audit and penalize the firm for engaging in greenwash. We identify conditions under which NGO punishment of greenwash backfires, inducing the firm to become less rather than more forthcoming about its environmental performance. We show that...

The term, "non-governmental organization" or NGO, came into currency in 1945 because of the need for the UN to differentiate in its Charter between participation rights for intergovernmental specialized agencies and those for international private organizations. At the UN, virtually all types of private bodies can be recognized as NGOs. They only have to be independent from government control, ...

Traditionally, trustees or board of directors reinforce governance mechanisms (Smillie & Hailey, 2001). In the case of an organisation that has made deliberate efforts to avoid hierarchy, and implement a participatory, decentralized collectivist structure, traditional governance can be challenged. The literature suggests that non-governmental organizations (NGO), even those that intentionally w...

Recently, there have been a number of Canadian-based studies of federal and provincial government policy workers. One key theme across all of these studies is the importance of well-established networks outside of government. However, these studies have demonstrated that government policy workers interact very infrequently outside the comfort of their own department cubicles. This stands in con...

The term sense and respond systems has been widely used for some time; see for instance: [Haeckel93, Haeckel99]. A review of government, private and NGO (Non-Governmental Organizational) responses to natural and man-made disasters shows that success in responding to a changing environment depends much more on leadership, organization, and training than on information technology (IT). This paper...

We present an empirical analysis of targeted attacks against a human-rights Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) representing a minority living in China. In particular, we analyze the social engineering techniques, attack vectors, and malware employed in malicious emails received by two members of the NGO over a four-year period. We find that both the language and topic of the emails were highly...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com J Hum Virol Retrovirol (2015), 2(5): 00058 Abbreviations: EVD: Ebola Virus Disease; AE: Aeromedical Evacuation; HIDs: Highly Contagious Infectious Diseases; AIT: Aeromedical Isolation Team; ATI: Air Transport Isolators; MERS: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome; AFB: Air Force Base; NGO: Non Governmental Organization; USAMRIID: USA Army Medical Researc...