the aim of this study has been to find answers for the following questions: 1. what is the effect of immediate correction on students pronunciation errors? 2. what would be the effect of teaching the more rgular patterns of english pronunciation? 3. is there any significant difference between the two methods of dealing with pronuciation errore, i. e., correction and the teaching of the regular ...

although there are studies on pragmatic assessment, to date, literature has been almost silent about native and non-native english raters’ criteria for the assessment of efl learners’ pragmatic performance. focusing on this topic, this study pursued four purposes. the first one was to find criteria for rating the speech acts of apology and refusal in l2 by native and non-native english teachers...

abstract the current study sets out 1) to investigate the strategic needs of iranian efl learners in reading literary and non-literary texts; 2) to shed some light on the differences between reading literary and non-literary texts; and 3) to specify the differences in the interaction of participants with texts while reading two literary subgenres ( i.e., short story and literary essays). to ...

this research has been taken among the students of high school in karaj city during the years 1391 and 1392. this is a survey research and data gathering is through questionnaires. studying the “an analysis of students’ tendency toward non-native reference groups in karaj”. the questionnaire was distributed among 260 of these students who were chosen through multi step cluster sampling. conside...

the present study investigated construct equivalence of multiple choice (mc) and constructed response (cr) item types across stem and content equivalent mc and cr items (item type ‘a’), non-stem-equivalent but content equivalent mc and cr items (item type ‘b’), and non-stem and non-content equivalent mc and cr items (item type ‘c’). one hundred seventy english-major undergraduates completed mc ...

like any other learning activity, translation is a problem solving activity which involves executing parallel cognitive processes. the ability to think about these higher processes, plan, organize, monitor and evaluate the most influential executive cognitive processes is what flavell (1975) called “metacognition” which encompasses raising awareness of mental processes as well as using effectiv...

simplification universal as a universal feature of translation means translated texts tend to use simpler language than original texts in the same language and it can be critically investigated through common concepts: type/token ratio, lexical density, and mean sentence length. although steps have been taken to test this hypothesis in various text types in different linguistic communities, in ...

nowadays in trade and economic issues, prediction is proposed as the most important branch of science. existence of effective variables, caused various sectors of the economic and business executives to prefer having mechanisms which can be used in their decisions. in recent years, several advances have led to various challenges in the science of forecasting. economical managers in various fi...

در این پایان نامه با استفاده از تابع لیاپانوف فازی، به طراحی کنترل کننده pdc و non-pdc برای سیستم های فازی افاین پرداخته می شود. استفاده از تابع لیاپانوف فازی باعث برقراری راحت تر شرایط پایداری و در نتیجه کاهش محافظه کاری می شود. همچنین استفاده از این تابع لیاپانوف به منظور پایدارسازی، طیف گسترده تری از سیستم های فازی افاین را شامل می شود. از طرفی استفاده از کنترل کننده non-pdc باعث می شود شرای...

یک دسته خاص از کدهای تصحیح خطای کوانتومی، کدهای کانولوشنال می باشند که بر حسب نحوه طراحی به دو دسته کدهای css (calderbank-shor-steane) و non-css تقسیم می شوند. علیرغم اهمیت فراوان کدهای کانولوشنال در تصحیح خطا، فقدان یک مدار کدگذار با قابلیت تحقق پذیری عملی، مانعی جدی در بهره گیری از این کدها می باشد. سه پارامتر در طراحی مدارهای کدگذار کانولوشنال اهمیت دارد؛ میزان حافظه، تعداد سطوح و غیرمخرب بو...