Breaking left-right symmetry in bilateria is a major event during embryo development that is required for asymmetric organ position, directional organ looping and lateralized organ function in the adult. Asymmetric expression of Nodal-related genes is hypothesized to be the driving force behind regulation of organ laterality. Here we identify a Nodal-independent mechanism that drives asymmetric...

Among the many force s to which hydraulic structures are exposed to, the forces induced by cavitation incident are of typical hydrodynamic unknown forces. The aim of this study is to define these forces as coupled fluid-structure interaction under two dynamic effects. The first dynamic effect which incorporates facilities for dealing with cavitation fluid is based on the appearance and bursting...

in this paper, the asymptotic representation of the corresponding eigenfunctions of the eigenvalues has been investigated. furthermore, we obtain the zeros of eigenfunctions.

Tadpole larvae of the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi show morphological left-right asymmetry. The tail invariably bends towards the left side within the vitelline membrane. The structure of the larval brain is remarkably asymmetric. nodal, a conserved gene that shows left-sided expression, is also expressed on the left side in H. roretzi but in the epidermis unlike in vertebrates. We show that no...

This is of nonlinear an exposition of the variational and differential properties spline curves, based on the Euler-Bernoulli theory for the bending of thin beams or elastica. For both open and closed splines through prescribed nodal points in the euclidean plane, various types --. of nodal constraints are considered, and the corresponding algebraic and differential equations relating curvature...

In this study, inverse nodal problem is solved for the p-Laplacian operator with two potential functions. We present some asymptotic formulas which have been proved in [17,18] for the eigenvalues, nodal points and nodal lengths, provided that a potential function is unknown. Then, using the nodal points we reconstruct the potential function and its derivatives. We also introduce a solution of i...

A new element with three nodal curvatures has been considered for analysis of the nonprismatic curved beams by finite element method. In the formulation developed, the force-curvature relationships in polar coordinate system have been obtained first, then the curvature of the element has been assumed to have a second-order polynomial function form and the radial, tangential displacements, and r...

Direct electrical excitation of small cardiac branches from the thoracic vagus elicited highly localized and differential responses from individualized segments of the myocardium. For example, small nerves from the vagus at the level of the superior pulmonary veins frequently induced moderate inhibition in contractile force of the ipsilateral atrium with little or no influences elsewhere. Bran...