When Escherichia coli strain B/r is exposed to 10 to 20 mug of nitrofurazone per ml, mutants with roughly threefold resistance are obtained. Treatment of these mutants with higher concentrations of nitrofurazone yields strains with six- to seven-fold resistance over strain B/r. Each of these steps toward nitrofurazone resistance is accompanied by loss of soluble nitrofurazone reductase activity...

Nitrofurazone-coated urinary catheter segments inhibited 51 (75%) of 70 urinary bacterial isolates from patients with indwelling catheters. Inhibition zones correlated significantly with the nitrofurazone MIC (r2 = 0.79, P = 0.0001). All strains except the Pseudomonas spp. were inhibited by < or = 64 micrograms of nitrofurazone per ml. MICs of nitrofurazone and nitrofurantoin correlated signifi...

Nitrofurazone is reduced by cellular nitroreductases to form N(2)-deoxyguanine (N(2)-dG) adducts that are associated with mutagenesis and lethality. Much attention recently has been given to the role that the highly conserved polymerase IV (Pol IV) family of polymerases plays in tolerating adducts induced by nitrofurazone and other N(2)-dG-generating agents, yet little is known about how nitrof...

Azoreductases are well known for azo pro-drug activation by gut flora. We show that azoreductases have a wider role in drug metabolism than previously thought as they can also reduce and hence activate nitrofurazone. Nitrofurazone, a nitroaromatic drug, is a broad spectrum antibiotic which has until now been considered as activated in bacteria by nitroreductases. The structure of the azoreducta...

Nitrofurazone is shown to undergo an initial 1-electron (oxygen-sensitive) or 2- or more electron (oxygen-insensitive) reduction by partially purified nitroreductases from Escherichia coli. Nitrofurazone (50 micronM) is reduced by the oxygen-sensitive reductase to a nitro anion free radical as indicated by ESR and visible spectroscopy. The visible spectrum of the nitro anion free radical is cha...

OBJECTIVE(S) The aim of this study was to insert nitrofurazone in a chitosan membrane to be used as a wound dressing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Several blend films using chitosan (Cs) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), containing nitrofurazone were prepared by means of casting/solvent evaporating technique. Different characteristics such as mechanical properties, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), o...

Three lactating Holstein cows (634 to 698 kg) were dosed, respectively, with 65.6 mg (44.5 microCi/mg), 131.2 mg (20.1 microCi/mg), or 8.4 mg (141.3 microCi/mg) of [14C]nitrofurazone by intramammary, intrauterine, or topical ocular administration. Intramammary and intrauterine treatments were single doses; ocular treatment was daily for 4 consecutive d (2.1 mg/d). Cows were slaughtered after 72...

There have been few recent reviews of the nitrofurans in the literature, and none include recently available data on the use of nitrofurazone (nitrofural) in the prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). Nitrofurazone and nitrofurantoin are the only nitrofurans that have become established in clinical use in the 20th century. These 2 nitrofurans have remained clinically...

OBJECTIVES to evaluate, histologically and macroscopically, the influence of Copaifera multijuga (Copaíba) oil-resin on the healing process of cutaneous wounds, comparing it with nitrofurazone. METHODS we divided 36 rats into three groups of 12 animals, according to the treatment to be administered. Group SL (control) received saline on the lesion; the Group OIL received topical treatment wit...

objective(s): the aim of this study was to insert nitrofurazone in a chitosan membrane to be used as a wound dressing.   materials and methods: several blend films using chitosan (cs) and polyvinyl alcohol (pva), containing nitrofurazone were prepared by means of casting/solvent evaporating technique. different characteristics such as mechanical properties, water vapor transmission rate (wvtr),...