In this study, interfacial reactions of electrolytic Ni and electroless Ni(P) metallization of the ball-grid-array (BGA) substrate with the molten n–9Zn (wt.%) eutectic solder alloy were investigated, focusing on the shear strengths and the identification of the intermetallic compound IMC) phases at various reflow periods. Zn-containing Pb-free solder alloys were kept in molten condition (240 ◦...

a r t i c l e i n f o Zn–Ni, Zn–Co and Zn–Ni–Co coatings were electrodeposited on mild steel from an acidic chloride bath containing p-aminobenzenesulphonic acid (SA) and gelatin. These additives changed the phase content in the coatings, most likely as a result of their adsorption at the surface of the cathode. The effect of gelatin was more pronounced than that of SA. The Faradaic efficiency ...

A novel technique for obtaining nonanomalous Ni-Zn-P coatings with high Ni content ~74 wt % as compared to 15-20 wt % in the conventional plating method! has been developed. These coatings show promise as a replacement for Cd in sacrificially protecting steel. Ni-Zn-P coatings were deposited using an electroless method from a solution containing NiSO4 , complexing agent and ammonium chloride. V...

Excessive accumulation of nickel (Ni) can be toxic to plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the Fe²⁺ transporter, iron (Fe)-regulated transporter1 (IRT1), mediates Fe uptake and also implicates in Ni²⁺ uptake at roots; however, the underlying mechanism of Ni²⁺ uptake and accumulation remains unelucidated. In the present study, we found that zinc (Zn) deficient conditions resulted in increased accumu...

During a period of 60 days assays were carried out with the moss Pohlia nutans transplanted from an uncontaminated control site to a dump consisting of a heavily polluted mine and smelter wastes located near wałbrzych in southwestern Poland. within the same period also samples of native P. nutans growing on the dump substrate were collected together with the same species from a control site. Co...

Let {Xi} be a sequence of independent, identically distributed random variables with an intermediate regularly varying right tail F̄ . Let (N,C1, C2, . . .) be a nonnegative random vector independent of the {Xi} with N ∈ N ∪ {∞}. We study the weighted random sum SN = ∑Ni=1 CiXi , and its maximum, MN = sup1≤k<N+1 ∑ki=1 CiXi . This type of sum appears in the analysis of stochastic recursions, incl...

The nucleophilicity of transition metal thiolates is well-documented. Biologically relevant electrophilic substrates include oxygen or oxygen-transfer agents (such as H2O2) and alkylation agents (such as CH3I). Nature makes use of the latter with Zn-containing de-alkylation proteins such as the Ada repair mechanism and the former in the case of the post-translationally modified active form of N...