This article proposes a direct method for solving three types of integral equations with time delay. By using operational matrix of integration, integral equations can be reduced to a linear lower triangular system which can be directly solved by forward substitution. Numerical examples shows that the proposed scheme have a suitable degree of accuracy.  

in this paper, an effective direct method to determine the numerical solution of linear and nonlinear fredholm and volterra integral and integro-differential equations is proposed. the method is based on expanding the required approximate solution as the elements of chebyshev cardinal functions. the operational matrices for the integration and product of the chebyshev cardinal functions are des...

E conomic integration among countries has continued to deepen over the past decade. This is especially visible at the regional level, with the escalation of Regional Integration Agreements (RIAs) ranging from Free Trade Areas (FTAs) to Customs Unions (CUs). Nowadays, many developing countries have entered a new regional integration agreement with developed and developing countries. S...