Displacements around a tunnel, occurring as a result of excavation, consist of the elastic and plastic parts. In this paper, we discuss the elastic part of displacements as a result of excavation, called net displacement. In general, the previous analytical solutions presented for determining the displacements around a circular tunnel in an elastic medium do not give the net displacements...

The inverse dynamics approach is commonly adopted in a human gait analysis. Displacements of the human body segments and ground reaction forces are known from measurements. The joint reaction forces and muscle net torques (which cannot be measured directly) are calculated. Since the ground reaction forces are known it is not necessary to model the foot-ground contact. The inverse dynamics appro...

Dear Sir: In an earlier letter on another matter, Chapman and Johnson (1978) identified a paradox facing a widely held stoichiometric model for ATP utilization in active ion transport. Their well-reasoned and carefully documented argument summarized two apparently conflicting points of evidence. First, the net rate of ATP hydrolysis not only varies with imposed brief displacements of the transm...

Since 1990 the project ‘Climate Change in the Arid Andes’ has been focusing on past climate and environmental conditions in the high mountain range of the north Chilean Andes (18 S– 28 S). The extreme aridity of this region is shown by the absence of glaciers, even at the highest altitudes above 6700 m a.s.l. More knowledge of the present climatic situation is needed to interpret the proxy data...

[1] Crustal motion can be described as a vector displacement field, which depends on both the physical deformation and the reference frame. Self-consistent descriptions of surface kinematics must account for the dynamic relationship between the Earth’s surface and the frame origin at some defined center of the Earth, which is governed by the Earth’s response to the degree-one spherical harmonic...

Abstrul-Thb paper describes an experimental ktur ing system wherein fixel reaction forces, workpiece loading, and workpiece displacements are measured during simulated fixturing operations. The system's configuration, its measurement principles, and tests to characterize its performance are summarized. This system is used to experimentally determine the relationship between workpiece displaceme...

We study the behavior of bundles of superconducting vortices when increasing the magnetic field using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy at 100 mK. Pinning centers are given by features on the surface corrugation. We find strong net vortex motion in a bundle towards a well-defined direction. We observe continuous changes of the vortex arrangements, and identify small displacements, ...

Lumbar corsets have been recommended for low back pain patients as a way of stabilizing the lumbar region, facilitating flexion movements, and reducing pain. However, little is known about how these devices affect lumbar motion. To determine the degree of changes in the lumbar region, our approach was to quantify three-dimensional kinematic data of the pelvis in harness-supported treadmill walk...

In an attempt to elucidate the role of atmospheric and oceanic processes in setting a vigorous ocean overturning circulation in the North Atlantic but not in the North Pacific, a comparison of the observed atmospheric circulation and net surface freshwater fluxes over the North Atlantic and Pacific basins is conducted. It is proposed that the more erratic meridional displacements of the atmosph...

The effect of surface fluctuation on the observables of quark-hadron phase transition is studied. The Ginzburg-Landau formalism is extended by the inclusion of an extra term in the free energy that depends on the vertical displacements from a flat surface. The probability that a bin has a particular net displacement is determined by lattice simulation, where the physics input is color confineme...