Bronchopneumonia accounts for 15% of all deaths children under five. The primary nursing problem bronchopneumonia patients is ineffective airway clearance which can lead to more severe problems such as shortness breath and even death. Management ineffectiveness be done by nebulization corticosteroids, chest physiotherapy, suctioning effective coughing. Nebulization accompanied physiotherapy rem...

BACKGROUND Saline fluid nebulization is highly recommend to combat the complications following tracheostomy, yet the understandings on the role of osmolality in saline solution for nebulization remain unclear. OBJECTIVES To investigate the biological changes in the early stage after tracheostomy, to verify the efficacy of saline fluid nebulization and explore the potential role of osmolality ...

We studied the frequency of malfunction, variability in rate of nebulization, and effect of this variability on aerosol particle size of eight disposable jet nebulizer models produced by six manufacturers. Four of eight models showed visual signs of malfunction, including spraying of large, individually visible droplets, leaking of nebulizer solution, and air leaks that completely prevented neb...

BACKGROUND Preventive nebulization of mucolytic agents and bronchodilating drugs is a strategy aimed at the prevention of sputum plugging, and therefore atelectasis and pneumonia, in intubated and ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The present trial aims to compare a strategy using the preventive nebulization of acetylcysteine and salbutamol with nebulization on indication in intuba...

can be sources of infection. However, since nebulization solutions are classified as external preparations, their hygienic management tends to be neglected at present. We investigated the microbial contamination of nebulization solutions in use from ultrasonic nebulizers commonly used in nebulizer therapy. In addition, the methods of preventing the microbial contamination of these nebulization ...

Tweinty-three asthmatic children had severe sudden bronchospasm due to numerous factors. Baseline values for the peak expiratory flow rate were less than 25 percent of predicted. Utilizing an analysis of variance, three methods of administering isoproterenol hydrochloride (hand-held Freon-propelled nebulization, continuous nebulization, and intermittent positive-pressure breathing [IPPB]) were ...

UNLABELLED Aerosol delivery of Iloprost is a promising therapeutic approach. The aim of this study was to determine the output of an ultrasonic nebulizer in different ventilation set-ups at the tip of different endotracheal tubes. METHOD In set-up A, an ultrasonic nebulizer was connected directly to the endotracheal tube. In set-up B, the nebulizer was incorporated into the inspiratory limb o...

Nebulizer drug output rate increases during the nebulization. For unvented jet nebulizers, a physical and mathematical model based on the efficiency of the nebulization process is presented for this phenomenon. Formulas are derived for the cumulative drug output and the drug output rate of the nebulization process. The model is compared with the model proposed by Coates et al. [J. Aerosol. Med....

BACKGROUND The performance of nebulizers varies with the design type as well as the breathing patterns of various age groups. The present study quantified aerosol delivery using spontaneously breathing parameters of a small child (2-4 years) by a lung simulator to determine the influence of nebulizer type, actuation mechanisms, and pediatric aerosol masks. METHODS Three types of nebulizer (c...

In this study, we have demonstrated a facile approach to the aerosol delivery of liposomes by nebulization. The approach involves mere dispersion of the physical mixture of phospholipid(s) and drug in saline, which results in spontaneous formation of liposomes thereby creating reservoirs for the encapsulation of drugs. Various phospholipids exhibiting different physico-chemical properties were ...