We study the impact of natural resource abundance and resource inequality on capital accumulation in a simultaneous model of physical and human capital for a sample of 18 Latin American countries from 1970-2004. We find that physical and human capital are jointly determined, in that human capital has a positive and significant effect on physical capital and vice versa. We show that the long run...

BACKGROUND Although natural resources play a central role in rural livelihoods across the globe, little research has explored the relationship between migration and natural capital use, particularly in combination with other livelihood capitals (i.e., human, social, financial and physical). OBJECTIVE Grounded in the rural livelihood framework, this paper explores the association between the l...

The present descriptive survey aims to analyze sustainable rural livelihood in Langarud County of Guilan province, Iran. The statistical population was composed of all rural people in this county (N=37904). Convenience sampling used to determine sample size (n=180). They were selected by proportionally allocated random sampling method. The research instrument was a self-designed questionnaire w...

Sustainable Livelihoods Approach emerged in the 1980s as a new analytical approach in the field of rural development inwhich the rural livelihood capitals form the basis of the villagers' empowerment and their ability to get involved in their own individual and social destiny. This study aimed to answer the question that how much the importance of each type of livelihood capitals is in the Cent...

Valuing natural capital is fundamental to measuring sustainability. The United Nations Environment Programme, World Bank, and other agencies have called for inclusion of the value of natural capital in sustainability metrics, such as inclusive wealth. Much has been written about the importance of natural capital, but consistent, rigorous valuation approaches compatible with the pricing of tradi...

Social capital is an essential complement to the concepts of natural, physical and human capital and can be usedfor beneficial or harmful ends-or simply be allowed to dissipate. While allforms of capital are essentialfor development, none of them are sufficient in and of themselves. In this paper, Ifocus first on the concept of human-made capital and examine some of the essential similarities b...

Considering necessity of recognizing the knowledge-based economy and achieving its foundations in Iran, the main issue of this research is to clarify the relationship between intellectual capital and Refined EVA in insurance companies which are member of Tehran Stock Exchange. In this research, the Refined EVA index was used to evaluate and measure the intellectual capital of the Palick model a...

In a simultaneous model of human and physical capital accumulation for 17 Latin American countries from 1975 to 2004, we show that overall resource dependence is not significantly related to physical and human capital. Disaggregating the natural resource variable into subcategories, we find that petroleum export dependence is associated with higher physical capital and lower human capital, whil...