The normalized maximum likelihood (NML) is one of the most important distribution in coding theory and statistics. NML is the unique solution (if exists) to the pointwise minimax regret problem. However, NML is not defined even for simple family of distributions such as the normal distributions. Since there does not exist any meaningful minimax-regret distribution for such case, it has been poi...

To achieve efficient communication between distributed real-time processes, it is desirable to both choose the best protocol for each communication path and limit variation to improve software portability. These divergent goals can be satisfied through the use of a uniform application programming interface (API) that hides the details of specific protocols from programmers. The Neutral Message ...

nML is a formalism targetted for describing arbitrary single-processor computer architectures. nML works at the instruction set level, i.e. it hides implementation issues of the actual machine. nML can be used as an input language for a wide range of tools that need formal machine descriptions. Based on attribute grammars, nML is exible and reasonably easy to use.

The normalized maximum likelihood (NML) is a recent penalized likelihood that has properties that justify de ning the amount of discrimination information (DI) in the data supporting an alternative hypothesis over a null hypothesis as the logarithm of an NML ratio, namely, the alternative hypothesis NML divided by the null hypothesis NML. The resulting DI, like the Bayes factor but unlike the p...

The design of modern complex embedded systems require a high level of abstraction of the design. The SimnML[1] is a specification language to model processors for such designs. Several software generation tools have been developed that take ISA specifications in Sim-nML as input. In this paper we present a tool Sim-HS that implements high level behavioral and structural synthesis of processors ...

We are concerned with the issue of how to calculate the normalized maximum likelihood (NML) code-length. There is a problem that the normalization term of the NML code-length may diverge when it is continuous and unbounded and a straightforward computation of it is highly expensive when the data domain is finite . In previous works it has been investigated how to calculate the NML code-length f...

The CSIR-NML has been performing primary calibrations of laboratory standard 1” condenser microphones for the past decade. The semiautomated system was developed by Mr Owen Cramer during 1990. Reciprocity calibration of microphones is a very labor intensive process, relying heavily on the skills of the metrologist. The NML saw the need to expand and improve their capabilities in this area. This...

Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) act as scaffolds and ribozymes in ribosomes, and these functions are modulated by post-transcriptional modifications. However, the biological role of base methylation, a well-conserved modification of rRNA, is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that a nucleolar factor, nucleomethylin (NML; also known as RRP8), is required for the N(1)-methyladenosine (m(1)A) modifica...

Nanomagnet logic (NML) is a relatively new computation technology that uses arrays of shape-controlled nanomagnets to enable digital processing. Currently, conventional resist-based lithographic processes limit the design of NML circuitry to planar nanostructures with homogeneous thicknesses. Here, we demonstrate the focused electron beam induced deposition of Fe-based nanomaterial for magnetic...

The synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is tightly coupled to nutrient conditions and growth factors. Murayama et al. described a novel nucleolar silencing complex eNoSC involved in rRNA transcription regulation in response to glucose deprivation [1]. This complex contains SirT1, SUV39H1 and the nucleolar protein nucleomethylin (NML). Upon glucose starvation, NML inhibits rRNA synthesis by recrui...