The present paper analyses the relations between food and oil prices for Malaysia using a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lags (NARDL) model. The bounds test of the NARDL specification suggests the presence of cointegration among the variables, which include the food price, oil price and real GDP. The estimated NARDL model affirms the presence of asymmetries in the food price behavior. Nam...

The present paper analyzes the existence of a long-run relationship between the trade balance and exchange rate of Iran and South Korea by a new approach. It proposes an asymmetric co-integrating NARDL model by two positive and negative partial sum decompositions which can use mixed I (0) and I (1) variables by bounds testing approach. The proposed tests are based on calculated F –statistics an...

The main objective of this study is to examine the effect sickle energy consumption, renewable energy, and forest area on emission carbon dioxide (CO2) in Morocco. Many studies have abord subject using a different approachs, most which used econometric models such as Vector Autoregressive (VAR) Error Correction Model (ECM) Distributed Lag (ARDL). In study, we opted for Non-linear (NARDL) model....

ABSTRACT In this study, Brazil, Turkey, Australia, Estonia, South Africa (SA), Finland and Sweden are examined by Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL), non-linear ARDL (NARDL) Gregory-Hansen (GRHA) cointegration models for the relationship between emissions growth, coal consumption (CCSP) growth. For growth relationship, environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) is investigated. CCSP EKC Brazil ...

This study assesses the asymmetric effectiveness of Turkey's monetary policy and fiscal under inflation targeting regime in period 2006-2020. We employed non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) method Hatemi-J causality test with assistance St. Louis equation, which relates growth nominal income money supply public expenditures. The NARDL model revealed that an increase gross domestic...

The study identifies the impact of changes in human mobility due to announcement state emergency cope with COVID-19 pandemic on Tokyo gasoline, diesel, and kerosene markets. Indices reflecting movements visits transit stations workplaces were used capture from February 2020 2021. linear nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) models applied investigate relationship between indices fuel prices. Although only pri...

Investigating the remittance-financial development relationship is an ongoing endeavor among economists and policy makers. Building improving on existing work, this study considers possibility that relation between remittances financial potentially asymmetric. This applies linear ARDL captures of asymmetrical by applying non-linear Autoregressive Model (NARDL). Using NARDL, attempt made to esti...

This study aims to test the symmetric and asymmetric impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on growth for time period 2011M1–2020M5 in Pakistan, using linear nonlinear autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) approach. Unlike other studies, we aim estimate recently developed EPU index by Baker et al. (Q J Econ 131(4):1593–1636, 2016). The (NARDL) model results show that positive shocks have ...

The 3–6 percent inflation target is a policy rule used by the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) to fulfil its statutory obligation of ensuring low and stable environment reaction function assesses how responds deviations from target. We rely on nonlinear autoregressive distributive lag (NARDL) models estimate asymmetric preferences which has during rising falling episodes inflation. Using quart...