There are more than thirty mycotoxins produced by fungal entomopathogens. Totally, they belong to two classes, NRP and PK mycotoxins. Most of mycotoxins have not been paid sufficient attention yet. Generally, mycotoxins do not exist in mycoinsecticide and might not be released to environments unless entomogenous fungus proliferates and produces mycotoxins in host insects or probably in plants. ...

• Molds are filamentous (fuzzy or dusty appearing) fungi that occur in many feedstuffs, including roughages and concentrates. • Molds can infect dairy cattle, especially during stressful periods when they are immune suppressed, causing a disease referred to as mycosis. • A wide range of different molds produce poisons called mycotoxins that affect animals when they consume contaminated feeds. •...

mycotoxins are natural secondary fungal metabolites produced on agricultural commodities. mould and mycotoxin contamination may occur before harvesting, between harvesting and drying, and during storage. fao has estimated that approximately 25% of the world’s crops are contaminated by molds and affected by mycotoxins, and the estimated loss extends to billions of dollars. since fungi have a wid...

Fusarium fungi are common plant pathogens causing several plant diseases. The presence of these molds in plants exposes crops to toxic secondary metabolites called Fusarium mycotoxins. The most studied Fusarium mycotoxins include fumonisins, zearalenone, and trichothecenes. Studies have highlighted the economic impact of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium. These arrays of toxins have been implicat...

The aim of this review is to give a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on plant metabolites of mycotoxins, also called masked mycotoxins. Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites, toxic to human and animals. Toxigenic fungi often grow on edible plants, thus contaminating food and feed. Plants, as living organisms, can alter the chemical structure of mycotoxins as part of their d...

Exposure to mycotoxins, secondary metabolites produced by fungi, may infer serious risks for animal and human health and lead to economic losses. Several approaches to reduce these mycotoxins have been investigated such as chemical removal, physical binding, or microbial degradation. This review focuses on the microbial degradation or transformation of mycotoxins, with specific attention to the...

Mycotoxins are natural secondary fungal metabolites produced on agricultural commodities. Mould and mycotoxin contamination may occur before harvesting, between harvesting and drying, and during storage. FAO has estimated that approximately 25% of the world's crops are contaminated by molds and affected by mycotoxins, and the estimated loss extends to billions of dollars. Since fungi have a wid...

Mycotoxins are abiotic hazards produced by certain fungi that can grow on a variety of crops. Consequently, their prevalence in plant raw materials may be relatively high. The concentration of mycotoxins in finished products is usually lower than in raw materials. In this review, occurrence and toxicology of the main mycotoxins are summarised. Furthermore, methodological approaches for exposure...

Mycotoxins in food are of growing health importance due to their association with a number of human and animal diseases. In humans, mycotoxins have been associated with neural tube defects, oesophageal and liver cancer. Additionally, mycotoxins affect productivity and trade with in the affected communities. The incidence and extent of mycotoxins in sorghum and millet is not well established. Th...

Mycotoxins are ubiquitous, mold-produced toxins that contaminate a wide variety of foods and feeds. Ingestion of mycotoxins cause a range of toxic responses, from acute toxicity to long-term or chronic health disorders. Some mycotoxins have caused outbreaks of human toxicoses, and at least one mycotoxin, aflatoxin B1, is a presumed human hepatocarcinogen. As part of a comprehensive effort to cu...