BACKGROUND Many authors have claimed that hyperthyroidism protects against thyroid cancer and believed that the incidence of malignancy is lower in patients with toxic multinodular goiter (TMG) than in those with non-toxic multinodular goiter. But in recent studies, it was reported that the incidence of malignancy with TMG is not as low as previously thought. AIM To compare the thyroid cancer...

Thyroid gland metastatic tumors are rare in clinical practice. Clear cell RCC is one of common metastatic tumors to thyroid. We here reported a case of incidentally found clear cell renal carcinoma metastasis to the thyroid gland 3 years after nephrectomy, in the thyroidectomy procedure performed for the patient due to the thyroid enlargement caused by multinodular goiter. A 65-year-old Iranian...

The RAS protooncogene has an important, although not yet established role in thyroid neoplasia. In this study, we evaluated the H-RAS mRNA and protein levels in human samples of nontoxic and toxic multinodular goiter samples, according to serum TSH levels. The mean of H-RAS mRNA levels in nodules of nontoxic nodular goiter were significantly increased compared to nonnodular tissue (1.49+/-1.21 ...

Dyshormonogenetic goiter is a rare cause of congenital hypothyroidism occurring due to a lack of enzymes necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. It is morphologically characterized by architectural and cellular pleomorphism that may mimic thyroid malignancy and cause difficulties in differential diagnosis. We report a new case occurring in a 37-year-old male with history of hypothyroid...

Thyroid nodules are a common clinical problem worldwide. Although thyroid cancer accounts for a small percentage of thyroid nodules, the majority are benign. 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels are a marker of oxidative stress and play a key role in the initiation and development of a range of diseases and cancer types. This study evaluates cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-cy...

Multiple thyroid ectopia with a normally located thyroid gland is a very rare condition. We present a 34-year old Nigerian woman who had had anterior and left-sided lateral neck swellings for the past 15 years. She was clinically euthyroid and thyroid function test results were normal. Neck ultrasonography revealed multinodular goiter with extension to the left pre-auricular area. Fine Needle A...

INTRODUCTION We present a case of ectopic intrathoracic multinodular goiter and correlate the magnetic resonance imaging appearance with the histological findings. CASE PRESENTATION A 72-year-old man was referred to our institute with a two month history of cough. The chest radiograph showed a mass located in the mediastinum. A chest computed tomography scan, showed an enhancing mass at the r...

BACKGROUND A germline mutation of KEAP1 gene was reported as a novel genetic abnormality associated with familial multinodular goiter. That report was limited, and the pathogenic features were not well established. PATIENT FINDINGS We report a 47-year-old Japanese woman who presented with hyperthyroidism and a large multinodular goiter. The family history was notable for a paternal history of...

INTRODUCTION Germ-line mutations in the micro-ribonucleic acid processing gene DICER1 have been shown to predispose to a subset of benign tumors susceptible to malignant transformation, including ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, nontoxic multinodular goiter, multilocular cystic nephroma and pleuropulmonary blastoma, which can occur in children and young adults. This may be due to reduced Dcr-...

Multinodular goiter in lingual thyroid is quite rare. Surgical removal is indicated in symptomatic patients and when cancer is suspected. An external approach is most often used, but is associated with morbidity and sequelae. In this study, we present for the first time the technique of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for removal of a massive lingual goiter. Prospective patient data were colle...