This paper presents a detailed thermodynamical exergy analysis of an optimized MSF distillation plant based on the latest published thermodynamics properties of water and seawater software of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology by using design and optimized plant operation data. Exergy flow rates are evaluated throughout the plant and the exergy flow diagram is prepared in both cases....

Multistage membrane distillation (MD) systems can have significantly higher efficiencies than their single stage counterparts. However, multistage MD system design has received limited attention. In this paper, the performance of a multistage vacuum membrane distillation (MSVMD) which is thermodynamically similar to a multi-stage flash distillation (MSF) is evaluated for desalination, brine con...

1. Global Energy Problems and the Role of Renewables 1.1. Energy demand 1.2. Energy, environmental problems and sustainable development 1.3. Water demand and consumption 1.4. Water and energy 1.5. Desalination and energy 1.6. Renewable energy technologies 2. Solar Collectors 2.1. Parabolic trough collectors 2.2. Fresnel collectors 2.3. Parabolic dish reflector 2.4. Heliostat field collector 3. ...

This work presents a detailed thermo-economic analysis of unit water costs from dual-purpose cogeneration plants. The power levelized cost was first calculated for stand-alone steam, nuclear, and combined-cycle energy needed to operate the desalination systems connected plants evaluated based on two different approaches: power- heat-allocated methods. Numerical models heat mass balances plants’...

Certain fundamental principles are common to all distilling systems. Modern distillation systems are multi-stage, continuous, countercurrent, vapor-liquid contacting systems that operate within the physical laws that state that different materials boil at different temperatures. Represented in Figure 1 is a typical distillation tower that could be employed to separate an ideal mixture. Such a s...