background: chronic use of opioids usually results in physical dependence. the underlying mechanisms for this dependence are still being evaluated. transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (trpv1) are important receptors of pain perception. their role during opioid dependence has not been studied well. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of morphine-dependence on the expressio...

objective(s):dependence and tolerance to opioid analgesics are major problems limiting their clinical application. a-terpineol is a monoterpenoid alcohol with neuroprotective effects which is found in several medicinal plants such as myrtus communis, laurus nobilis, and stachys byzantina. it has been shown that some of these medicinal plants such as s. byzantina attenuate dependence and toleran...

long-term exposure to opiates induces physical dependence and tolerance. the main goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of dextromethorphan and midazolam and their combination on morphine tolerance and dependence in mice. different groups of mice were rendered randomly and received morphine (50 mg/kg, sc), morphine (50 mg/kg, sc) + dextromethorphan (25,50 or 75 mg/kg, ip), morphine (50...

objectives: dependence and tolerance are major restricting factors in the clinical use of opioid analgesics. in the present study, the effects of thymoquinone, the major constituent of nigella sativa seeds, on morphine dependence and tolerance were investigated in mice. materials and methods: male adult nmri mice were made tolerant and dependent by repeated injections of morphine (50, 50, and 7...

objectivethis study was initiated to investigate the effect of portulaca oleraceae on morphine dependence in mice.materials and methodsdependence was induced using the subcutaneous injections of morphine for 3 days. on the day 4, morphineinjected 2 h prior to intraperitoneal injection of naloxone. the plant extracts ethanolic or aqueousadministered 0.5 h before the final dose of morphine. the n...

background and objective: today, opioids are used to control and relieve acute and chronic pain. however, the incidence of both tolerance and dependence phenomena for these drugs is a major problem. so, in this study, the combination effect of haloperidol and methadone on the acquisition and expression of morphine dependence and tolerance was examined.    materials and methods: ninety-eight mic...

conclusions the results of this study in terms of personality disorders and types of used drugs were in accordance with the previous studies results. it is necessary to design appropriate treatment plans for medical treatment of those with personality disorders. results there was a significant correlation between stimulant use and histrionic personality disorder (p < 0.001) and antisocial and n...

  Tolerance and dependence are two main problems that have limited morphine administration as an analgesic drug and they might be as a result of changes in the number and affinity of receptors, dysfunction of adenylate cyclase, impaired coupling between activated µ receptor and K+ channels, and changes in the K+ and Ca2+ channels. There are several reports concerning the role of some of these...

Background: Chronic use of opioids usually results in physical dependence. The underlying mechanisms for this dependence are still being evaluated. Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) are important receptors of pain perception. Their role during opioid dependence has not been studied well. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of morphine-dependence on the expressio...