We explore and relate two notions of monotonicity, stochastic and realizable, for a system of probability measures on a common finite partially ordered set (poset) S when the measures are indexed by another poset A. We give counterexamples to show that the two notions are not always equivalent, but for various large classes of S we also present conditions on the poset A that are necessary and s...

We analyze the problem of fully implementing a social choice set in ex post equilibrium. We identify an ex post monotonicity condition that is necessary and—in economic environments—sufficient for full implementation in ex post equilibrium. We also identify an ex post monotonicity no veto condition that is sufficient. Ex post monotonicity is satisfied in all single crossing environments with st...

In this paper, new concepts of monotonicity, namely (Φ, ρ)-monotonicity, (Φ, ρ)-pseudo-monotonicity and (Φ, ρ)-quasi-monotonicityare introduced for functions defined in Banach spaces. Series of necessary conditions are also given that relate (Φ, ρ)-invexity and generalized (Φ, ρ)-invexity of the function with (Φ, ρ)monotonicity and generalized (Φ, ρ)-monotonicity of its gradient.

The assumption of latent monotonicity in item response theory models for dichotomous data cannot be evaluated directly, but observable consequences such as manifest monotonicity facilitate the assessment of latent monotonicity in real data. Standard methods for evaluating manifest monotonicity typically produce a test statistic that is geared toward falsification, which can only provide indirec...