background: salmonella is one of the causes of food-borne illnesses worldwide resulting in a wide range of human diseases. the aim of this research was to study molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella spp. isolated from resident patients in mazandaran province, northern iran. methods: totally, 51 stool samples were collected from patients in 20 outbreaks recorded in he...

    Molecular epidemiology is a subdivision of medical science and epidemiology that emphases on the involvement of potential environmental and genetic risk factors, recognized at the molecular level, to the etiology and avoidance of sickness through populations. This arena has developed from the combination of molecular biology and traditional epidemiological research. Molecular...

background and objectives: molecular epidemiology tools are widely used in determining epidemiology of tuberculosis. spoligotyping is a molecular epidemiology method that is used for characterization and typing of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains. the method is based on polymorphism of the chromosomal dr locus consisting of identical 36-bp drs alternating with 35-41 unique spacers. th...

many microscopic-based epidemiological surveys on the prevalence of human intestinal pathogenic and non-pathogenic protozoa including intestinal amoeba performed in iran show a high prevalence of human intestinal amoeba in different parts of iran. such epidemiological studies on amoebiasis are confusing, mainly due to recently appreciated distinction between the entamoeba histolytica , e. dispa...

introduction: hamburger is a popular type of fast foods consumed all over the world. sarcocystis spp. is a zoonotic parasitic pathogen which endangers safety of meat and meat products. the present study describes the prevalence rate of sarcocystis spp. in hamburgers in yazd, iran using pcr-rflp. materials and methods: raw hamburger samples (100 traditional and 90 industrial) from central region...

Background: Vitiligo is an acquired, idiopathic, and common depigmentation disorder of the skin that affects people of all ages and both sexes equally in the worldwide. Although etiology of the disease is unknown, there are theories such as environment and genetic factors. Methods: In this article, we collected and summarized the appropriate manuscripts regarding the epidemiology and gene...

background: epidemic and endemic cholera is a major public health problem for many   countries. aim of this study was to evaluate ap-pcr for investigation of clonal relatedness among the strains of vibrio cholerae recovered from an out­break occurred in different parts of iran in 2005. methods: the study was conducted during the cholera outbreak occurred in some of provinces in iran in summer 2...

results fifty four of 84 (64.2%) slides obtained from patients had positive results microscopically, while 79/84 (94%) of slides had positive results by fta card-nested-pcr. pcr and microscopy showed a sensitivity of 96.4% and 64.2% and specificity of 100% and 100%, respectively. interestingly, leishmania major as causative agent of zoonotic cl was identified in 100% and 90.7% of cl cases from ...

we conducted this study to obtain a comprehensive picture of molecular epidemiology of hiv-1 in three neighboring countries, i.e. afghanistan, iran, and pakistan as a basis for discussing possible hypothesis regarding between-country virus transmission. our results showed that subtype composition differs between these countries with more variation in pakistan than iran and afghanistan. the crf3...

background: cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) caused by leishmania tropica is endemic in kerman, southeastern iran. while dogs have long been implicated as the main domestic reservoirs of l. infantum , etiological agent of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (zvl), they can also carry l. tropica infection. the objective of the present study was to determine molecular identity and to evaluate histopathol...