Positioning service is one of Wireless Sensor Networks’ (WSNs) fundamental services. The accurate position of the sensor nodes plays a vital role in many applications of WSNs. In this paper, a 3D positioning algorithm is being proposed, using mobile anchor node to assist sensor nodes in order to estimate their positions in a 3D geospatial environment. However, mobile anchor node’s 3D path optim...

Localization is an essential issue in mobile networks because many applications require the mobile to know their locations with a high degree of precision. Various localization methods based on mobile anchor nodes have been proposed for assisting the mobile nodes to determine their locations. However, none of these methods attempt to optimize the trajectory of the mobile anchor node. Different ...

Mobile technology has helped to simplify networking by enabling multiple computer users to simultaneously share resources in a home or business without additional or intrusive wiring. A Mobile Network consists of hundreds or thousands of nodes and a small number of data collection devices. Localization of these mobile nodes is an essential issue in mobile networks because many applications requ...

Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 introduces a new node called the Mobile Anchor Point (MAP) to improve the handover speed performance of Mobile IPv6 by reducing the amount of signaling in the ongoing connection between the mobile node, its correspondent nodes, and its home agent. With MAP as an additional node, it’s signaling, both received and sent is subject to several security vulnerabilities that n...

The local mobility anchor in a Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) domain is able to provide access-networkand access-operator-specific handling or policing of the mobile node traffic using information about the access network to which the mobile node is attached. This specification defines a mechanism and a related mobility option for carrying the access network identifier and the access operator ident...

The process that mobile node still maintains its connectivity when moved from one access router (AR) to another access router is called handover. The handover technology is one of the most important technologies for the quality of real-time operation. In order to reduce the handover delay. Fast Mobile IPv6 (FMIPv6), Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) and Fast Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 are studied...

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of spatially distributed wireless sensor nodes. Each sensor node cooperate with each other to monitor and collect data pertaining to physical or environmental conditions such as temperature, pressure, motion, sound, and other phenomena. Localization is an essential issue in wireless sensor networks because many applications require the sensor nodes to kno...

Large Proxy Mobile IPv6 deployments would benefit from a functionality where a Mobile Access Gateway could dynamically discover a Local Mobility Anchor for a Mobile Node attaching to a Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain. The purpose of the dynamic discovery functionality is to reduce the amount of static configuration in the Mobile Access Gateway. This document describes several possible dynamic Local Mo...

Large Proxy Mobile IPv6 deployments would benefit from a functionality where a Mobile Access Gateway could dynamically discover a Local Mobility Anchor for a Mobile Node attaching to a Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain. The purpose of the dynamic discovery functionality is to reduce the amount of static configuration in the Mobile Access Gateway. This document describes several possible dynamic Local Mo...

Presently, the developments made in Wireless Sensor Networks are increasing the popularity in several applications like military applications etc. Sensor node localization is a highly desirable capability for wireless sensor network applications. Localization issue is very important, when positions of nodes are not known. In this paper, we make an attempt in localization issue. An efficient and...