background infant formula means a breast-milk substitute specially manufactured to satisfy, by itself, the nutritional requirements of infants during the first months of life up to the introduction of appropriate complementary feeding. we aimed to determine the cost and burden of formula feeding on the family in al-amara city, iraq. materials and methods a cross-sectional analytic study was car...

EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING (breastmilk as the only source of milk) of twins and even triplets is well known. This is a report of “exclusive” breastfeeding for 1 year of quadruplets. Exclusive is placed in parentheses because one of the quads has phenylketonuria (PKU) and needed to receive a small amount of special formula without phenylalanine (Phenex-1®) to maintain his serum phenylalanine level ...

Milk is a source of shortfall nutrients in children's diets, but most children do not consume recommended amounts. We measured consumption of milk by elementary-schoolchildren (grades 3-5) in a diverse sample of schools before and after implementation of the US Department of Agriculture's updated meal regulations requiring flavored milk to be fat-free. Flavored milk consumption did not change f...

BACKGROUND Previous studies document decreases in lunchtime milk consumption immediately after flavored milk is removed. Less is known about longer-term effects. OBJECTIVE Plain milk selection and consumption were measured the first year flavored milk was removed in a school district (2010 to 2011 [Time 1]) and 2 years later (2012 to 2013 [Time 2]). Four behavioral economic interventions to p...

The Principles of Infant Nutrition and Their Practical Application is a very useful addition to the books recently published on the subject. The chapter on physiology and bacteriology is excellent with a clear and up-to-date account of the vitamines: the anti-rachitic element is called vitamine D and is a separate entity from fat-soluble A. Nutritional requirements are fully discussed and it is...

Donor human milk has been used in the United States for >90 years, but recent advances in human milk science and laboratory techniques have led to increasing use of this resource. Pediatricians began using donor human milk in the 1900s in response to anecdotal observation that premature infants had better health outcomes when receiving their own mothers' milk. Since then, a formalized human mil...

Background Infant formula means a breast-milk substitute specially manufactured to satisfy, by itself, the nutritional requirements of infants during the first months of life up to the introduction of appropriate complementary feeding. We aimed to determine the cost and burden of formula feeding on the family in Al-Amara city, Iraq. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional analytic study was car...

21 st April, noon.?Half an ounce of madar juice was mixed with 8 ounces of milk and given to a puppy ; it drank only one mouthful; some more was forced down its throat ; perhaps half of the milk was swallowed. Shortly after taking the poison, saliva began to flow from its mouth. It seemed uncomfortable and restless ; power of motion and sensibility unaffected ; vomited once ; pupils natural. It...

BACKGROUND Invasive Cronobacter infection is rare, devastating, and epidemiologically/microbiologically linked to powdered infant formulas (PIFs). In 2002-2004, the US Food and Drug Administration advised health care professionals to minimize PIF and powdered human milk fortifier (HMF)'s preparation, feeding, and storage times and avoid feeding them to hospitalized premature or immunocompromise...