surfactant molecules are used as interesting tools to study the structure, function and stability of proteins. protonation states of amino acids may be changed in the presence of surfactants. in this work, using experimental observations and molecular dynamic simulation, the effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate on the acid dissociation constants of tryptophan was examined. the acid–base equilibriu...

today’s, a common problem in cities is increasing delay and reducing the speed of traffic. on the other wise increasing costs of acquisition in urban area are not allow new routes and highways. also construction of new highway or street such as imam ali highway and sadr highway in tehran lead to develop new applications (such as brt lane ,…) and become quickly saturate and less efficient. there...

Surfactant molecules are used as interesting tools to study the structure, function and stability of proteins. Protonation states of amino acids may be changed in the presence of surfactants. In this work, using experimental observations and molecular dynamic simulation, the effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate on the acid dissociation constants of tryptophan was examined. The acid–base equilibriu...

Here, we collect two parts of a research project on the pedestrian flow modeling. Rapid growth in the volume of public transport and the need for its reasonable, efficient planning have made the description and modeling of transport and pedestrian behaviors as important research topics in the past twenty years. First, we present a macroscopic model for the pedestrian flow based on continuum mec...

car-following models are among the most important components of micro traffic flow simulation which is studiedby transportation experts to evaluate new applications of intelligent transportation systems. until now, several carfollowingmodels have been proposed. an obvious disadvantage of the former models is the great number of parameterswhich are difficult to calibrate. in this paper, a car-fo...

Œere has recently been a renewed interest in planning for pedestrian trac, primarily in connection to public transport interchange stations, since these are important for public transport to constitute an aŠractive alternative to car usage. Œis thesis concerns microscopic simulation of pedestrian trac, which is a promising tool for analyzing and predicting the trac situation in a given pedes...

Traffic simulation is an important tool for modelling the operations of dynamic traffic systems and helps analyse the causes and potential solutions of traffic problems such as congestion and traffic safety. Microscopic simulation models provide a detailed representation of the traffic process, which makes them most suitable for evaluation of complicated traffic facilities and Intelligent Trans...

This article proposes the integration of both microscopic and macroscopic simulation and focuses on two main issues: a methodology for calibration/validation and the integration of path dynamics on large networks. These are considered the most significant two challenges in microscopic simulation for decision support and analysis in Advanced Traffic Management and Information Systems (ATMIS). Th...