this paper proposes an optimal transmission expansion planning (tep) which is based on determining share of each line in merchandizing surplus (ms) of system, determining by independent system operator (iso). the more share of a line in ms of system denotes the priority of a line for expansion. the procedure of determining ms of each line in a power system is based on determining the ms share o...

Locational Marginal Pricing (LMP) is a method for energy pricing in deregulated power systems. Loss and congestion cause different prices for energy at load or generation buses. In this pricing method there is a different between payments of customers and revenue of generators which is called Merchandizing Surplus (MS). Independent System Operator (ISO) receives MS and generally renders it to T...

This paper proposes an optimal transmission expansion planning (TEP) which is based on determining share of each line in merchandizing surplus (MS) of system, determining by Independent System Operator (ISO). The more share of a line in MS of system denotes the priority of a line for expansion. The procedure of determining MS of each line in a power system is based on determining the MS share o...

Most of the alternative revenue streams proposed by commentators (including touring, adverting and merchandizing) had been feasible and actually in existence long before the advent of the digital age. But they used to play more of a secondary role in music businesses until uncontrolled online piracy recently started to undermine music sales. This fact suggests a straightforward yet undervalued ...

Warner-Bratzler shear force for muscles from the upper 2/3 of USDA Choice grade was not significantly improved after 7 d postmortem aging, muscles from the USDA Select grade should be aged a minimum of 14 d postmortem to achieve optimum tenderness, and muscles need to be treated on an individual basis during fabrication and merchandizing of individual retail cuts or portions from muscles of the...

Measuring preferences via stated methods remains the only technique to obtain the total economic value of a non-marketed good or service. This study examines if alternative causes of an environmental problem affect individual statements of compensation demanded. Making use of a unique sample drawn from the Netherlands, we find that Hicksian equivalent surplus (ES) is not significantly affected ...