Chloramphenicol inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria and is usually bacteriostatic but is bactericidal against Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitis. Chloramphenicol penetrates all body tissues well. The cerebrospinal fluid concentration averages 60% of the serum level, while brain levels are 9 times higher because of high lipid solubility of this drug. Ch...

INTRODUCTION ............................................................ ............................................ 42 INFECTIONS IN GENERAL .................................................................................... 42 Recorded Cases .......................................................................................................... 42 Institutional and common source outbreak...

typhoid fever is endemic in iran. isolation of s. typhi is a gold standard for diagnosis. laboratory diagnosis of s. typhi infection relies on serological tests such as the widal test. this study describes seroprevalence of to and th antibody in nonfebrile healthy and febrile with non-typhoid illness. for detection of sensitivity and specificity of widal test in typhoidal fever diagnosing widal...

BACKGROUND Afghanistan's public health system was neglected during decades of military and civil conflict, and trends in infectious disease occurrence remain poorly characterized. This study examines cyclical and long-term trends of six vaccine-preventable diseases: pneumonia, diarrhea, meningitis, typhoid, measles, and acute viral hepatitis. METHODS Using weekly data collected between 2009 a...

typhoid fever is a common infection in children in developing countries. typhoid fever is a systemic illness which affects many organs. isolated hepatitis, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure complicating typhoid fever are well known. the potential of multiorgan involvement in typhoid fever - on rare occasions - may occur simultaneously in the same patient.

Ever since tuberculous meningitis was first defined as a specific disease (Whytt, 1768) it has been recognized that disturbances of the mind form an integral part of the clinical picture. As the disease progresses, so these disturbances increase until the illness closes in coma and death. Thus the classical descriptions of the disease insist on apathy, irritability, and insidious changes in per...

245 patients with typhoid fever were admitted in university of isfahan medical centers during the last 4 years are reported here in this study. the diagnosis was confirmed in each case by the history of the exposure physical examination, widal seroreaction and blood culture test. the highest incidence of the disease occurred between 10-19 years of age, and mostly in summer months, during june, ...

background and objective: the diagnosis of typhoid fever in children is a challenge due to the non-specific clinical picture. the current role of the widal test for diagnosis in developing countries has not been clear. materials and methods: charts were reviewed on all children ≤ 15 years of age discharged from 5 pediatric teaching hospitals in tehran from 1991 to 2004 with a diagnosis of typho...