Twenty years ago Poole et al. suggested that the anomalous properties of supercooled water may be caused by a critical point that terminates a line of liquid-liquid separation of lower-density and higher-density water. Here we present a thermodynamic model based on this hypothesis, which describes all available experimental data for supercooled water with better quality and fewer adjustable par...

On the basis of the temperature range in which growth can occur, bacteria are usually divided into 3 groups, namely: thermophiles, mesophiles, and psychrophiles (sometimes called cryophiles or rhigophiles). Thermophiles have temperature optima (generally quite close to temperature maxima) 10 to 25 degrees above the temperature optima of mesophiles. Thermophiles and mesophiles are easily disting...

abstract knowledge of the coordination of the agricultural activities in every region with the weather and climate condition of that area is necessary for any kind of agriculture activity. therefore, understanding the climate and analyzing the ecophysiological characteristics of plants are the most important factors in production. saffron is one of the most valuable plants, which is planted in ...

A realization of the numerous phases predicted in systems with long-range repulsive interactions was recently found in Pb/Si(111). Surprisingly, these numerous phases can be grown at low temperatures approximately 40 K over macroscopic distances. This unusual observation can be explained from theoretical calculations of the collective diffusion coefficient D(c) in systems with long-range repuls...

abstract consistent decreasing and increasing of temperature in the short-term period that is called freezing and thaw cycles is one of the important factors of damage to crop productions. in this research as to determine freezing and thaw cycles in the khorasan razavi province, the data of daily minimum and maximum temperatures of 9 synoptic stations was used over 20 statistic years (1989-2008...

extended abstract 1. introduction temperature leaves undeniable effects on human activities and natural processes. the analysis of average maximum temperature and the highest temperatures related to the heat wave phenomenon is of great importance. the most important goals of this study include the investigation of the geographical distribution of the maximum average temperatures and extreme tem...