The main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of maritime transportation instability on international trade instability based on wavelet smoothing and spatial panel data econometric method during the period 1990-2012. The results showed that the spatial effects have an impact on international trade instability. So that a sudden 100 percent increase in international trade in the nei...

during the fifth and sixth centuries a.h, the persian gulf faced a recession in its commerce; instead, the centrality of the international maritime trade was transferred to the red sea and mediterranean region at the time. emergence of the kish island, as a significant trade area in the persian gulf region goes back to the mid-sixth century a.h. efforts made by a local tribe known as bani qaysa...

This paper offers a critical interpretation of the EU’s recent Maritime Security Strategy (MSS) of 2014, making distinctions between hard and soft conceptions of maritime security. The theoretical approach employed invokes the ‘EU as neo-medieval empire’ (Bull 1977: 254-255; Rennger 2006; Zielonka 2006). By this account, the main objectives of EU maritime strategy are stability and encouragemen...

mudaraba is an old method of finance and trade. comparative historical studies show that mudaraba and a very similar european institution that appeared in 12th century first in italy and then in all europe i.e. commenda, had a very important role in the history of trade; specially in maritime trade of middle ages. from 16th century it strted to lose gradually its importance and then replaced by...

Two overarching trends are arising as particularly important, especially for developing countries. First, developing countries have, over recent years, been increasingly fuelling global economic growth, merchandise trade and demand for maritime transport services. Second, increased specialization in the supply of maritime transport services has gathered traction as developing countries continue...

We are concerned with trade in transport services (not cabotage but rather international shipping, transport, and related logistical services) and the importance of competition and market structure in the sector. We examine implications of liberalization for profits, trade, and national gains from trade. Though past GATS maritime negotiations involved the maritime nations, we also flag interest...

We are concerned with trade in transport services (not cabotage but rather international shipping, transport, and related logistical services) and the importance of competition and market structure in the sector. We examine implications of liberalization for profits, trade, and national gains from trade. Though past GATS maritime negotiations involved the maritime nations, we also flag interest...

In 2008, approximately 11 million maritime containers passed through U.S. seaports (U.S. Department of Homeland Security [DHS], 2010). These containers carried 90 percent of international commerce moving in and out of the United States, representing $500 billion in U.S. trade from 178,000 foreign businesses (Montaigne, 2004). Maritime trade forms the economic circulatory system of our national ...

Maritime transport remains the dominant mode for international trade both for bulk transport of commodities and containerized break-bulk cargo. The economics of bulk transport still influence trade patterns and industrial location. Intermodal transport has become a global phenomenon as mechanized handling and containerization have reduced handling costs between modes and promoted their efficien...

Seaborne shipping is the dominant mode of transport in international trade agricultural products, and an increasing part seaborne carried containers. Furthermore, majority world containers are moved through liner services, that is, regular services provided by global companies which comprise a dense network connecting ports countries around world. Using theoretically consistent gravity equation...