Hyperosmolar therapy is the principal medical management strategy for elevated intracranial pressure. Mannitol has been the primary hyperosmolar agent for nearly a century and remains the de facto gold standard for medical management of intracranial hypertension. Over the past 25 years, however, hypertonic saline (HTS) has become a progressively more common alternative to mannitol, and several ...

Until the introduction of intravenous mannitol therapy, treatment for ciguatera was only symptomatic and supportive. Mannitol was first used in the Marshall Islands (Palafox et al., 1988) and soon after in Australia (Pearn et al., 1989). These studies both reported dramatic and sustained improvement in many of the victims of ciguatera. Specifically mannitol appeared to reduce the duration and s...

BACKGROUND Coma is a frequent presentation of severe malaria in adults and an important cause of death. The role of cerebral swelling in its pathogenesis, and the possible benefit of intravenous mannitol therapy to treat this, is uncertain. METHODS A computed tomographic (CT) scan of the cerebrum and lumbar puncture with measurement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure were performed on admi...

Osteoporosis is a major public health problem. Exogenous estrogen or Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) the potential therapy for osteoporosis. Still, patient rarely chooses this treatment because of risk breast and endometrial cancer. Phytoestrogens estrogen-like compounds, particularly isoflavones, are potentially safe alternative to HRT. Jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus) plant that contains many ph...

BACKGROUND Intracranial hypertension, defined as an intracranial pressure (ICP) >20 mmHg for a period of more than 5 min, worsens neurologic outcome in traumatic brain injury (TBI). While several mechanisms contribute to poor outcome, impaired cerebral perfusion appears to be a highly significant common denominator. Management guidelines from the Brain Trauma Foundation recommend measuring ICP ...

Results Three randomised controlled trials in patients with acute brain injury. The studies involved a total of one hundred and seventy seven participants. One trial compared mannitol therapy to ‘standard care’ (relative risk (RR) for death = 0.83; 95% CI 0.47;1.46). One trial compared mannitol to phenobarbital (RR for death = 0.85; 95% CI 0.52;1.38). One trial tested the effectiveness of pre-h...

Stroke is the leading cause of mortality world wide. The most common complications of mannitol therapy are fluid and electrolyte imbalances. In the present study 25 patients of stroke and 25 healthy individuals were taken as controls. Serum sodium and Serum potassium were estimated by flame photometer. Hyponatremia was seen on first day of admission before giving mannitol as compared to control...