Periodic-finite-type shifts (PFT’s) are sofic shifts which forbid the appearance of finitely many pre-specified words in a periodic manner. The class of PFT’s strictly includes the class of shifts of finite type (SFT’s). The zeta function of a PFT is a generating function for the number of periodic sequences in the shift. For a general sofic shift, there exists a formula, attributed to Manning ...

One of the common concrete channels in irrigation networks is the semielliptical prefabricated channels. Manning formula is usually used to design these channels. The cross-sectional area and the wetted perimeter are required to be calculated in Manning formula. There are no analytical solutions to directly compute these parameters. Thus, numerical integration methods are inevitably used. In th...

the manning roughness coefficient is an important parameter in the design and evaluation of furrow irrigation. despite its importance, estimation of this parameter for surface irrigation is very difficult, particularly in furrow irrigation. in this study, an evalue model was used to estimate the manning roughness coefficient in furrow irrigation. the model was based on volume balance and develo...

there are different methods for controling the flood damages which one of them is flood zoning. in this method, flood zones are determined by simulating river hydraulic behavior and its flood plain for different return periods.in other hand, soil and specially plant coverage are the most effective factor to determine manning roughness coefficient. so it is expected, seasonal plant coverage chan...

Characterized by moderate and almost unchanging microbial growth, stability is an essential aspect ofcompost quality Low growth rates give benign organisms a competitive advantage over pathogens such as Sulnronellu and &fhrurn, which thnve m high-growth-rate conditions (Inbar et al., 1990). Also, stability prevents nutrients from becommg tied up in rapid microbial growth, allowing them to be av...

Abstract The water level is a critical hydraulic parameter for inland ship safe navigation, as well an important variable in waterway transport minoring and assistant systems. As basic traditional method, the one-dimensional (1D) hydrodynamic model adapted to simulate river sections/waterway segments obtain levels numerically. However, friction factor, i.e., Manning’s coefficient n, sensitive 1...