What are fairy tales? Folk tales are stories orally passed down from generation to generation that are modified as they are told to remain current in their contextual frame. Folk tales are categorized as pour quoi tales, tall tales, or fairy tales. Pour quoi tales are stories that answer “why” or have a moral, such as fables. Tall tales are characterized by legends, and communicate historical f...

Nationalist sentiments characterize the Scotish James Macpherson’s Ossianic tales and the Persian Abul-Ghasim Ferdausi’s Shahnameh. Macpherson is remembered for his role in the nationalist Gaelic revival against the cultural dominance of Great Britain and Ferdausi is credited for enlivening Persian language and culture at the time of Arab dominance. However, Macpherson’s dual position, both as ...

Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) are virulence factors, produced by the bacterial plant-pathogen Xanthomonas, that function as gene activators inside plant cells. Although the contribution of individual TALEs to infectivity has been shown, the specific roles of most TALEs, and the overall TALE diversity in Xanthomonas spp. is not known. TALEs possess a highly repetitive DNA-bindin...

Gathering from her perspective on over 2000 information projects and products completed over the last forty years, Marjorie Hlava offers a fascinating view of database creation and search using developing technologies, and information technology standards. As an early implementer of most of the technologies we use and products we all sell today, and having worked behind the scenes at one time o...

In what case do you like reading so much? What about the type of the beautiful teams inspiring and cautionary tales from veteran team leaders book? The needs to read? Well, everybody has their own reason why should read some books. Mostly, it will relate to their necessity to get knowledge from the book and want to read just to get entertainment. Novels, story book, and other entertaining books...

Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs), secreted by the pathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas, specifically activate expression of targeted genes in plants. Here, we designed synthetic TALEs that bind to the flanking regions of the TATA-box motif on the CaMV 35S promoter for the purpose of understanding the engineerable 'hot-spots' for increasing transgene expression. We demonstrated that tra...

Plant pathogenic bacteria of the genus Xanthomonas possess transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) that activate transcription of disease susceptibility genes in the host, inducing a state of disease. Here we report that some isolates of the rice pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae use truncated versions of TALEs (which we term interfering TALEs, or iTALEs) to overcome disease resistance. In com...

This article presents the affinity existing between the female dream narrative and the fairy tale genre. Although a large body of material has already been written about the connection between fairy tales and dreams, it has never been examined empirically using the tools and methods with which fairy tales have been studied. This article focuses on one dream narrative, documented in the framewor...