Range expansion during biological invasion requires that invaders adapt to geographical variation in climate, which should yield latitudinal clines in reproductive phenology. We investigated geographic variation in life history among 25 introduced populations of Lythrum salicaria, a widespread European invader of North American wetlands. We detected a strong latitudinal cline in initiation of f...

....................................................................................... 88 Introduction ..................................................................................... 89 Methods........................................................................................ 92 Results & Discussion......................................................................... 99 Acknowle...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife) was introduced to North America from Europe in the early 1800s, it did not become invasive until the 1930s. Whether hybridization with L. alatum (winged loosestrife) could have played a role in its ultimate spread was tested. METHODS Six diagnostic morphological traits (flower number per axil, leaf placement, calyx pubescence...

Herbivory can negatively and selectively affect plant fitness by reducing growth, survival and reproductive output, thereby influencing plant population dynamics and evolution. Latitudinal variation in intensity of herbivory is common, but the extent to which it translates into corresponding variation in effects on plant performance is still poorly known. We tested the hypothesis that variation...

Phytotoxicity of Flumequine on the aquatic weed Lythrum salicaria L. was determined by two laboratory models: a single concentration test, by which the effects of 100 mg l-1 were evaluated after 10, 20, 30 days and a multiple concentration test, by which the effects of 5000-1000-500-100-50 micrograms l-1 were evaluated after 35-day exposure. 100 mg l-1 are highly toxic and significantly decreas...

—The exotic invasive wetland plant purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) is often considered to have negative impacts on native plant and animal species, but this is debated. Clarifying its influence would provide insight into appropriate management actions following invasion. We investigated the influence of L. salicaria cover and density on abundances of wetland bird species that are associa...

Purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria, has invaded North American wetlands over the last 200 years. A biological control project was started in British Columbia, Canada, in 1993 with the introduction of Galerucella calmariensis, a leaf-feeding beetle of European origin. To evaluate the success of the biological control project in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, we monitored the defoliat...

The differences in phenotypic plasticity between invasive (North American) and native (German) provenances of the invasive plant Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife) were examined using a multivariate reaction norm approach testing two important attributes of reaction norms described by multivariate vectors of phenotypic change: the magnitude and direction of mean trait differences between en...

Lythrum salicaria L. (Lythraceae) known as purple loosestrife used for its beneficial health effects against as many human diseases such as diarrhea, hemorrhoid, eczema internally and/ or externally. The effects of the different extracting methods on the total phenolic (TP) and total flavonoid (TF) contents of Lythrum salicaria L. extracts were investigated. Dried leaf and flower of L. salicari...