Graphene-based nanomaterials (GNMs), including graphene, graphene oxide, reduced and quantum dots, may have direct anticancer activity or be used as nanocarriers for antitumor drugs. GNMs usually enter tumor cells by endocytosis can accumulate in lysosomes. This accumulation prevents drugs bound to from reaching their targets, suppressing effects. A number of chemical modifications are made fac...

this study was conducted to evaluate the cytoprotection of various extracts and bioactive compounds found in pistacia vera againts cytotoxicity, ros formation, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation , mitochondrial and lysosomal membrane damages in cell toxicity models of diabetes related carbonyl (glyoxal) and oxidative stress (hydroperoxide). methanol, water and ethyl acetate were used to ...

I have followed the lysosome field since it was proposed as a concept by deDuve and his co-workers in 1955 and find this collection of papers by workers in that field an interesting addition that has many sparkling con-addition, of course, to deDuve, to name a few) but it also has several several shortcomings. For the uninitiated (and there are surprisingly many for whom "lysosome" is a new wor...

Figure 1. Lysosome fusion. Lysosomes fuse with late endosomes to form endolysosomes, which are major sites of acid hydrolase activity and the digestion of endocytosed cargo. Equivalent fusions of lysosomes with phagosomes or autophagosomes can also occur (not shown in detail). Lysosomes can be reformed from endolysosomes and autolysosomes via poorly understood fi ssion and maturation processes....