For almost thirteen centuries, the Qur’ān had been interpreted by men before it was first translated a woman. In 1995, Umm Muhammad, Amina Assami, into English under pseudonym Saheeh International. Extensive research indicates that Muhammad’s translation reproduces patriarchal gender hierarchies (Al-Sowaidi et al., 2021), while Laleh Bakhtiar’s Sublime Quran comprises feminist elements (Kidwai,...