Louis Althusser claims in his papers on Marx and Freud that both of them established a new science, different from classical modern science (Althusser, 1996). Both were, according to Althusser, critics of the Cartesian philosophy of consciousness. Althusser points out that to make a move to a new science requires an epistemological break with the old one. This break is never an easy one and doe...

with the beginning of the 19th century, england entered into a transitional period. sociologists believe that in each era of transformation, the ruling class tries to establish its own values, but some resistance to these new values is inevitable. thomas hardy's novels in general, and under the greenwood tree specifically, are no exception. based on these notions, this paper tries to interpret ...