arising of loss entitles the third party to the compensation. in this respect, more often than not, the entitlement of the third party finds its justification based on voluntary principles and sometimes based on involuntary ones. if the third party cannot find defense based on voluntary principles, he or she has to resort to involuntary ones. the possibility of multiple compensation methods cou...

The brain has an impressive ability to withstand neural damage. Diseases that kill neurons can go unnoticed for years, and incomplete brain lesions or silencing of neurons often fail to produce any behavioral effect. How does the brain compensate for such damage, and what are the limits of this compensation? We propose that neural circuits instantly compensate for neuron loss, thereby preservin...