this paper proposes an optimal power flow (opf) algorithm by direct load control (dlc) programs to optimize the operational cost of smart grids considering various scenarios based on different constraints. the cost function includes active power production cost of available power sources and a novel flexible load curtailment cost associated with dlc programs. the load curtailment cost is based ...

conventional passive distribution networks are changing to modern active distribution networks which are not radial. conventional load flow methods should be modified for new distribution networks analysis. in modern distribution networks distributed generation (dg) units are embedded with conventional and/or renewable resources. dg units are generally modeled as pv or pq nodes which inject ...

reliability evaluation of a large-scale composite power system faces to numerous events/outage and consequently imposes an extensive burden of calculations. in order to simplify the problem, determination of an equivalent system for large-scale power system is inevitable. this paper proposes a framework as reduction technique to separate a composite power system to three areas: external area, o...

in this paper, static performance characteristics for a finite lenght two-lobe journal bearing lubricated with micropolar fluid is studied. using finite element method, steady-state film pressure is obtained by solving modified reynolds equation, based on micropolar lubrication theory. with the help of film pressure in bearing, the static performance characteristics in terms of load carrying ca...

abstract in this paper, a fuzzy pid with new structure is proposed to solve the load frequency control in interconnected power systems. in this study, a new structure and effective of the fuzzy pid-type load frequency control (lfc) is proposed to solve the load frequency control in interconnected power systems. the main objective is to eliminate the deviations in the frequency of different area...

In this paper, a novel algorithm for the load flow analysis problem in an islanded microgrid is proposed. The problem is modeled without any slack bus by considering the steady state frequency as one of the load flow variables. To model different control modes of DGs, such as droop, PV and PQ, in an islanded microgrid, a new formula for load flow equations is proposed. A hybrid optimization alg...